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12 Dec 2022

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Memory and Storage: RAM vs ROM, ASCII vs Unicode, and Audio Quality

user profile picture

Omar Elmasry

@omario.3

Character sets, sound storage, image storage, compression, and memory types... Show more

Character Sets
Allow computers to understand letters,
numbers, and other characters
Logically ordered, the value for A is lower
than B
• ASC

Character Sets, Data Storage, and Memory Types

This page provides an in-depth overview of various aspects of computer data representation and storage, including character sets, sound and image storage, compression techniques, and memory types.

Character Sets

Character sets allow computers to understand letters, numbers, and other characters. They are logically ordered, with lower values assigned to earlier characters.

Definition: ASCII AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchangeAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character encoding standard that assigns unique binary codes to characters.

ASCII uses 8 bits 1byte1 byte per character, allowing for 256 possible characters.

Highlight: Unicode uses 2 bytes per character, accommodating languages with thousands of characters, such as Arabic.

Storing Sound

Sound must be encoded into binary for computers to process it. This involves breaking down audio into thousands of samples per second, each stored as binary data.

Key factors in sound storage:

  1. Sample rate: Measured in Hz, it determines how many samples are taken per second. Higher sample rates result in clearer sound but require more storage space.
  2. Bit depth: The number of bits available for each sample. Higher bit depth improves quality but increases storage requirements.
  3. Duration: Longer audio naturally requires more storage space.

Example: To calculate a sound file size, use the formula: file size = sample rate × duration ss × bit depth

Storing Images

Images are stored as a series of pixels in binary, with each pixel represented by a specific color code.

Vocabulary: Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image. Higher resolution results in clearer images but requires more storage space.

Color depth is the number of bits used to store the color for each pixel. Higher color depth allows for more realistic colors but increases file size.

Example: To calculate an image file size, use the formula: file size = color depth × image height pxpx × image width pxpx

Compression

Compression is the process of encoding data to reduce its size, thus saving storage space. There are two main types:

  1. Lossless Compression: Compresses data without losing information, allowing for perfect reconstruction of the original data.
  2. Lossy Compression: Reduces file size by discarding some information, resulting in smaller files but with some loss of quality.

Memory Types

The document discusses two primary types of computer memory:

  1. RAM RandomAccessMemoryRandom Access Memory: Volatile losesdatawhenpowerisoffloses data when power is off Used for currently open programs Faster than secondary storage More expensive per GB than HDDs or SSDs
  2. ROM ReadOnlyMemoryRead Only Memory: Non-volatile retainsdatawhenpowerisoffretains data when power is off Contains instructions for booting the computer Data is written permanently during manufacturing

Highlight: Virtual memory is simulated memory written to a file on the hard drive, allowing more applications to run than physical RAM can support.

The page also covers data storage units, binary-to-hexadecimal conversion, and factors to consider when choosing storage media, such as capacity and speed.



Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

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4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

 

Other

1,586

12 Dec 2022

1 page

Memory and Storage: RAM vs ROM, ASCII vs Unicode, and Audio Quality

user profile picture

Omar Elmasry

@omario.3

Character sets, sound storage, image storage, compression, and memory types are explored in this comprehensive overview of computer data representation and storage. ASCII vs unicode comparison for character setsis discussed, along with audio sampling, image resolution, and data compression... Show more

Character Sets
Allow computers to understand letters,
numbers, and other characters
Logically ordered, the value for A is lower
than B
• ASC

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Character Sets, Data Storage, and Memory Types

This page provides an in-depth overview of various aspects of computer data representation and storage, including character sets, sound and image storage, compression techniques, and memory types.

Character Sets

Character sets allow computers to understand letters, numbers, and other characters. They are logically ordered, with lower values assigned to earlier characters.

Definition: ASCII AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchangeAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange is a character encoding standard that assigns unique binary codes to characters.

ASCII uses 8 bits 1byte1 byte per character, allowing for 256 possible characters.

Highlight: Unicode uses 2 bytes per character, accommodating languages with thousands of characters, such as Arabic.

Storing Sound

Sound must be encoded into binary for computers to process it. This involves breaking down audio into thousands of samples per second, each stored as binary data.

Key factors in sound storage:

  1. Sample rate: Measured in Hz, it determines how many samples are taken per second. Higher sample rates result in clearer sound but require more storage space.
  2. Bit depth: The number of bits available for each sample. Higher bit depth improves quality but increases storage requirements.
  3. Duration: Longer audio naturally requires more storage space.

Example: To calculate a sound file size, use the formula: file size = sample rate × duration ss × bit depth

Storing Images

Images are stored as a series of pixels in binary, with each pixel represented by a specific color code.

Vocabulary: Resolution refers to the number of pixels in an image. Higher resolution results in clearer images but requires more storage space.

Color depth is the number of bits used to store the color for each pixel. Higher color depth allows for more realistic colors but increases file size.

Example: To calculate an image file size, use the formula: file size = color depth × image height pxpx × image width pxpx

Compression

Compression is the process of encoding data to reduce its size, thus saving storage space. There are two main types:

  1. Lossless Compression: Compresses data without losing information, allowing for perfect reconstruction of the original data.
  2. Lossy Compression: Reduces file size by discarding some information, resulting in smaller files but with some loss of quality.

Memory Types

The document discusses two primary types of computer memory:

  1. RAM RandomAccessMemoryRandom Access Memory: Volatile losesdatawhenpowerisoffloses data when power is off Used for currently open programs Faster than secondary storage More expensive per GB than HDDs or SSDs
  2. ROM ReadOnlyMemoryRead Only Memory: Non-volatile retainsdatawhenpowerisoffretains data when power is off Contains instructions for booting the computer Data is written permanently during manufacturing

Highlight: Virtual memory is simulated memory written to a file on the hard drive, allowing more applications to run than physical RAM can support.

The page also covers data storage units, binary-to-hexadecimal conversion, and factors to consider when choosing storage media, such as capacity and speed.

Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.

Students love us — and so will you.

4.9/5

App Store

4.8/5

Google Play

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user

The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.

Stefan S

iOS user

This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.

Samantha Klich

Android user

Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.

Anna

iOS user

Best app on earth! no words because it’s too good

Thomas R

iOS user

Just amazing. Let's me revise 10x better, this app is a quick 10/10. I highly recommend it to anyone. I can watch and search for notes. I can save them in the subject folder. I can revise it any time when I come back. If you haven't tried this app, you're really missing out.

Basil

Android user

This app has made me feel so much more confident in my exam prep, not only through boosting my own self confidence through the features that allow you to connect with others and feel less alone, but also through the way the app itself is centred around making you feel better. It is easy to navigate, fun to use, and helpful to anyone struggling in absolutely any way.

David K

iOS user

The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

very reliable app to help and grow your ideas of Maths, English and other related topics in your works. please use this app if your struggling in areas, this app is key for that. wish I'd of done a review before. and it's also free so don't worry about that.

Rohan U

Android user

I know a lot of apps use fake accounts to boost their reviews but this app deserves it all. Originally I was getting 4 in my English exams and this time I got a grade 7. I didn’t even know about this app three days until the exam and it has helped A LOT. Please actually trust me and use it as I’m sure you too will see developments.

Xander S

iOS user

THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE THE SCHOOLGPT. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮

Elisha

iOS user

This apps acc the goat. I find revision so boring but this app makes it so easy to organize it all and then you can ask the freeeee ai to test yourself so good and you can easily upload your own stuff. highly recommend as someone taking mocks now

Paul T

iOS user