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or construction. "Like father, like son." or "They got together and talked, laughed and giggled." When an idea or animal is given human characteristics. "The sky weeps." Repeating words or phrases. (There are actually many different types of repetition like anaphora and epiphora.) A question which is meant to be unanswered. Referring to something by one of its parts. For e.g. "wheels" to refer to a car, or "bread" to food or money. When name of something is replaced with name of something else that's associated with it. For e.g. "crown" refers to power or authority. Not to be confused with metaphors--it's not comparing two things! In poetry, when the sentence continues on to the next line. Helps readers hear the sounds, allowing them to enter the author's world. Adds rhythm to sentences. In literature, usually used to convey some message. ● Also persuasive because an idea is emphasised and easy to remember using this structure. ● Helps readers empathise with non-human characters. Gives deeper meanings as well. To grab the reader's attention. For e.g. repeating a line. Emphasise and create rhythm. Emphasise a point being made. Mostly used to as an effect. ● Used to persuade people. Achieve symbolism! Keeps writing concise and engages the reader because they have to think deeply about what the word is referring to. Can also sound more colloquial to connect to audience more. Symbolism! Draws reader's attention because words have deeper meanings to them. Makes poem's rhythm faster. Adds surprise because reader has to keep reading to know informal language Personal, colloquial sort of language. formal language perfect rhyme half-rhyme internal rhyme Short/long sentences aposiopesis auditory imagery Doesn't use colloquialism, contractions or first-person. When final stressed vowel and all the next sounds are identical. Ending consonants match, preceding vowels don't. For e.g. "hold" and "bald". When the middle words rhyme. "While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door." (those are different lines) Suddenly breaking off in speech. For e.g. "And one fine morning--" You can identify it with em dash or ellipsis. ● Describing specific sounds that are happening in a story. Onomatopoeia is an example of ● ● what the author is saying. Makes writing have a sense of urgency. Fast pace. Writing becomes more casual and relaxed. Sets up close relationship with reader because it appeals to us. It's speaking at our level. Makes text more authoritative and powerful. Gives rhythm to poem. Emphasises certain words. Adds a sort of finality to stanza or couplet (or whatever). Musical quality. ● More variety of words for author to work with. Reader becomes surprised because doesn't know what to expect. ● Short sentences may make it more authoritative like an order. Could also give more clarity. ● Long sentences may sound formal or even conversational. Depends on the language used! Increases musical quality without being overly rhyming or obvious in its rhyme scheme. Shows strong emotion. Allows the reader the finish the sentence for themselves. All imagery is used to create a picture in the reader's mind. It makes the reader part of the text and draws the olfactory imagery visual imagery tactile imagery kinaesthetic imagery gustatory imagery Describing taste! For e.g. "She tasted the sweet sugary coating as she chewed the doughnut". hypophora anastrophe auditory imagery. Another e.g. is "the dog howled at the moon" or "she could hear the clang of pots and pans amongst the quiet murmur of her children". tricolon Describing a particular taste. For e.g. "he could smell the rich, sweetness of the chocolate cake". Appeals to the sense of sight. Something like "the hues of the bright fish glinted in the sun like bright pearls". Appeals to the sense of touch. For e.g. "when she put her hands in the ice cold water, it felt like a thousand needles were pricking her fingers and palms". Describes the movement or action of objects and people. For e.g. "the dog wagged his tail energetically and bounded towards the door, clawing it with his paws". When a question is raised and then immediately answered by the author. Don't confuse with rhetorical question. The difference is that in RQ, there's no answer. Changing the structure of the sentence so that it's in an unusual grammatical order. For e.g. everything Yoda says. "Truly wonderful, the mind of a child is." a series of three parallel words, reader in. Create curiosity in the reader Captures the attention ● Helps to introduce new topics of discussion ● Almost like the author is having a conversation with the audience. Make it sound wise and more profound. Makes the reader think longer about what the author is saying. ● Emphasises points in a quaestio synthetic personalisation polysyndeton phrases, or clauses aka triadic structure When you use question after question after question after question. :-) Creating a fake relationship between the audience and author. When you keep using and, but, or in a sentence to make it super long. For e.g. I ran and ate food and sang and laughed and ate again and... memorable way. Conveys a sense of urgency or passion.