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8.6.2021
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USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR WRITING AN ANALYSIS 1. STRUCTURING YOUR ANALYSIS In the following, [...] is analysed by focusing on [...] [= tell your readers what you are about to do] As I said before / in the beginning... (etc.) ● 2. REFERRING TO THE TEXT → use I. when referring to a single line in the text and II. when referring to several lines As it is written in I./II. ● ● 3. TALKING ABOUT EFFECTS Suspense is created by ... The way... is presented suggests ... The author uses ... in order to ... ● ● ● 4. ANALYSING THE (PLOT) STRUCTURE OF A TEXT The text/story/speech can be divided into / is divided into / is composed of / contains / consists of [...] parts / paragraphs / chapters / sections. In the first second / [...] / last part, the author varies the theme / changes the topic / goes into detail / passes from ... to ... ● ● I will enlarge upon this later in the next paragraph... (etc.) Concluding, one can say / In brief, / To put it in a nutshell, / From all this follows that ... (etc.) · ● As one can read in I./II. This is indicated by I./II. where it is said that ... This can be proven with I./II. ● In I./II., the author states / describes / explains that...
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... L./II. (...) suggest(s) that ... as it is said that ... ● 5. ANALYSING THE NARRATIVE PERSPECTIVE / POINT OF VIEW Perspectives: first-person narrator, third-person limited narrator, third-person omniscient narrator The author tells the story (mainly) from the point of view of ... The author uses a ...'s point of view ... It is striking that ... The text is extraordinary / revolutionary in its way to... This text achieves its unique effect by... At the beginning ... / At the end ... / Later ... There are two interconnected strains of action ... The author makes use of a flashback here to ... The author gives us this hint / clue / image as a kind of foreshadowing of ... The events are told in chronological order... The exposition serves to ... This story follows the traditional structure of... In the exposition, the action is set in motion / the theme of ... is suggested the protagonist is introduced / the setting is sketched / suspense is aroused The action arises / falls when ... / The story reaches its climax / crisis / turning point when ... The story has a surprise / sad / happy / open ending / ends in a catastrophe because ... The main conflict is between two characters / within the character of ... / between the protagonist and fate between the protagonist and society The problem is solved when ... The author presents the story in a rather neutral way... which means / which leads to / which creates the effect of which results in... The narrator guides the reader by... / The narrator reinforces the message by commenting on the ebents, e.g. ... / by presenting X's thoughts on ... We have a ... 6. ANALYSING THE SETTING AND ATMOSPHERE The text is set in ... The action takes place in ... The setting of... is ... The events are situated in ... ● ● ● 7. ANALYSING CHARACTERS The main character / protagonist / hero / antagonist is a flat / round dynamic / central / background We get to know... by ... / The protagonist is characterized as ... / His main features are ... His/Her relationship with ... is ... ● ● ● ● ● ● 8. ANALYSING LANGUAGE AND RHETORICAL DEVICES The author makes use of/ employs ... everyday / colloquial / informal / vulgar language formal/ literary / archaic / slang expressions sophisticated / eloquent / concise /clear / objective / impersonal style ● The description of the colours / sounds / smells creates an atmosphere of ... The scene evokes / provokes the atmosphere of ... The overall atmosphere / mood of the story is ... The atmosphere in this passage may be described as ... The setting contributes to a / an... atmosphere The tension is created by a conflict between ... ● ● There is a conflict between ... and ... / stands in clear contrast to ... / can be regarded as an anti- hero because / serves as foil to ... in order to highlight... He/She is faces with the dilemma of ... The characters are presented in a way that ... His Her character is revealed by his/her appearance / words / feelings / behavior / actions / interactions with / by the author's comments on ... ... is a telling name because ... The author describes the characteristics / outer appearance / intellectual qualities/mood / activities / social and psychological condition / character traits of ... The author gives a realistic / detailed description of/ only gives a rough description of.. The character is described / presented / characterised as ... The basic traits of A's character are ... One of A's striking characteristics is ... complex / simple sentences imagery / lots of metaphors / symbolism vivid / animated / exaggerated language This is done in order to stress / put emphasis on / emphasise / draw attention to highlight ... The author wants to involve the readers/listeners by [+ gerund] / convince them of ... This creates the effect that ... The author wants to imply / implies that ... The author wants to arouse interest / simplify / illustrate ... The author refers to an example The author makes use of employs / uses formal / informal / colloquial words / expression / language. This word / phrase / expression refers to / underlines / emphasises / means / stands for ...