Abi Lernzettel - Globalization

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political persecution prime minister of Mongolia decreed that English should replace Russian in schools Problems - refugees are often unable to integrate quickly - natives are often unprepared to accommodate the newcomers S 2004 (ΤΙΗΙΕ. THREE ERAS by Thomas L. Friedman Globalization 1.0 (1492-1800) - World shrinks from large to medium - Columbus discovers America, establishes open trade - Global integration of countries - Countries face global competition and opportunities - How much muscle, horsepower, steam power does the country have in order to fit into globalization? Globalization 2.0 (1800-2000) - World shrinks from medium to small - Multinational companies, open global markets (industrialization as driving factor) technological developments falling communication costs - birth of global economy - Interrupted by the Great Depression, WW1 and 2 - Where/How does my country fit into global economy? Globalization 3.0 (2000-now) - world shrinks from a size small to a size tiny - new power for the individuals - focus on the individual as the dynamic force of globalization - new actors on stage: e.g. China - How do I fit into globalization? pros GLOBALIZATION "Globalization is the spread of products, technology, information, and jobs across national borders and cultures. In economic terms, it describes an inter- dependence of nations around the globe fostered through free trade." Globalization is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. → countries are becoming more interconnected by trade and cultural exchange (both economically and culturally) → has increased the production of goods and services hard to get rid of as a global language spoken by the most powerful countries How to experience globalization? - Traveling - Keeping in touch with friends and business partners in distant countries with the help of new means of communication - Buying goods which come from far away From multinational to multilocal → old globalization: states and companies creating big platforms (WTO,...) → new globalization: individual globalizing on its own - business = building up relations, connections - globalization is more personal through the widespread access to the internet - next to the markets, the skills of the individual are needed in order to be competitive as a country ENGLISH LANGUAGE- - treaty of Versailles written in English in 1919. - US expansion to the world (20s - 90s) - digital revolution (21st century) -1.75 billion English speakers around the world easy to learn (grammar (short) words from other languages) cons short words →→ possible misunderstanding →worse suited for speaking than for writing loss of other languages, disappearance of native languages other languages gain in importance driving factors - mass media, new technology - new ways of transport - communication devices affordable for everyone - open markte, liberalization of trade - English language - declining costs → cheaper transport Winners: - individual of the industrialized countries (traveling, trade, education) - trade - new industrialized countries (Brazil, China) Losers: - destruction of local production → Africa, flooding markets with cheap imports - child work, bad working conditions - environment - people: diseases EFFECTS ON economy: - worldwide export increased - multinational companies - direct investments leads to economic growth - cheap ways of production politics: - worldwide cooperations (EU, UNO, G20) - NGO's (non-governmental organizations) - more global problems which are harder to solve social: - mac world (westernization of culture) - destruction of cultural diversity - but: backlashes to regional culture