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den Roman The Underground Railroad im Jahr 2017 eine reichhaltige Literatur entstand. Im Rahmen der inhaltlichen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Schwerpunktthema sollen unter anderem folgende Aspekte behandelt werden: • The struggle for freedom - from slavery to equality? • African American literature - a powerful voice? • African American cultural impact - more than just hip hop? Auf grundlegendem Niveau liegt der Fokus der Arbeit auf Fragen zum Kampf um Gleichberechtigung und zur Entwicklung einer afroamerikanischen kulturellen Identität. Informationen aus beispielsweise Reden, Bildern, Filmen und Hör/Hör-Sehtexten sowie Kurzgeschichten, Gedichten, Songs oder Ausschnitten aus einer literarischen Ganzschrift bilden die Grundlage für die Arbeit, die durch Sachtexte unterstützt werden kann. Der Schwerpunkt liegt beim Verständnis, der Analyse und der Kommentierung in den Materialien transportierter Inhalte, weniger bei der Bearbeitung ihrer formalen Aspekte. Auf erhöhtem Niveau tritt die Analyse formaler Aspekte und mindestens einer literarischen Langschrift zum Thema hinzu sowie ihre verstärkte Einbettung in kulturelle und historische Kontexte. Grundlegendes Niveau - Basiswissen • Grundkenntnisse über die afroamerikanische Geschichte (Slavery, Reconstruction Period, Segregation, Civil Rights Movement, Black Power, Civil Rights Act, Affirmative Action), • an Beispielen vermittelte Kenntnisse über das heutige Verhältnis zwischen Schwarzen und Weißen, • Grundkenntnisse über afroamerikanische Erzähltraditionen und Literatur: oral tradition, slave narrative, afroamerikanische Gegenwartsliteratur, • exemplarisch vermittelte Grundkenntnisse über afroamerikanische kulturelle Beiträge, z.B. in einem der Bereiche Musik, Theater, Fotografie, Malerei. Erhöhtes Niveau - Basiswissen • siehe grundlegendes Niveau; hinzu tritt: • vollständige Lektüre mindestens einer literarischen Langschrift und Kenntnis eines Films zum Thema, • vertiefte analytische Auseinandersetzung mit afroamerikanischer Literatur mit besonderem Fokus auf: • narrative perspective atmosphere and how it is created setting stylistic devices (hier besonders: allusions, symbols, metaphors), • Kenntnisse zu Merkmalen des African American English als einer Varietät des Englischen. ● 2. Slavery Segregation Year 1600 1619 1776 Civil Rights Movement 1780 Reconstruction 1863 1810-1850 1860 1861 1865 1877 1880s (Background) 1914 1915 1920 - 1930 1929 1930 AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY - TIMELINE BACKGROUND INFORMATION INTERNET 1939 1950 1954 1955 Event The first slaves were brought from Africa to the new colonies (by European traders) 1st shipment of African slaves arrives in Jamestown/Virginia Declaration of Independence (,,all men are created equal"): However, there is still increasing slavery in the South which leads to the abolitionist movement in the North. The underground Railroad was build in 1780 Abolitionists helped slaves escape to the North through secret routes (The underground Railroad) Abraham Lincoln was elected president of the United States A civil war started because some southern states formed their own country. The civil war lasted until 1865 Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the Emancipation Proclamation. African Americans are granted US citizenship and the right to vote. However, racial hatred continues and white Southerners hamper this progress by demanding voting taxes, literacy tests, etc. before elections, thus reducing the African Americans' voting power The northern won the war and the American slaves were freed Until 1877 the time was called ,,Reconstruction". Soldiers helped the South to get build up again and the black people still lived in poverty ,,Jim Crow"8 new system of segregation laws) officially separated African Americans from all aspects of white society (e.g. separate schools, shops restaurants, toilet facilities, etc. ). The underlying principle is ,,separate but equal “. Thus, the practice of oppression has become legal. World War 1 until 1918 The Ku Klux Klan killed a lot of black and white people Black people started to move to the Northern to have a better life and they started to create ghettos throughout the inner cities of the United States The stock market crashed The Great Depression dominates the United States. The Great Depression was an economic crisis. World War 2. A lot of black people became a soldier and after being a soldier, some of them became pilots and officers The NAACP was gained Segregation in school became illegal Montgomery bus boycott: Rosa Parks got arrested because she refused to let a white passenger take her seat. This leads to large-scale protests and boycotts, with the aim of reaching equal rights and ending segregation. Today 1963 1964 1968 Until 1972 Modern times 2008 Martin Luther King's speech ,,I Have a Dream"(peak of non-violent struggle) Martin Luther King became the leader of the Civil Rights, Civil Rights Act Martin Luther King is murdered. This leads to disillusionment regarding the effectiveness of non-violent protest. As a result, violence increases with Malcolm X as one of the leaders of the protests. The Civil Rights Movement has paid the way too many new acts which little by little officially end discrimination and segregation in public. However, a gap between theory and practice remains. Many black families are moving upwards on the social and income level, but many more are going down. Disrupted families, alcohol, drugs and street gangs are a result New hope: Election of President Barack Obama, who represents both African Americans and white Americans 3. Year June 1623 1863 1865 1865/66 1866 1868 1870 1870s 1890 1880s 1920s 1910 1920s WW1 WW2 1955/56 1957 1960s AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY - TIMELINE LESSON Events The first eleven slaves arrive in New Amsterdam (New York) President Abraham Lincoln signs Emancipation Proclamation that officially abolishes slavery - 15th April: President Lincoln is assassinated by a fanatical Confederate. the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolishes slavery by law; more than 4 mio. slaves gain freedom; ,,Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude... shall exist within the United States, or any other place subject to their jurisdiction. 11 The Black Codes, a set of rules, are passed in the South to ,,restore all of slavery but its name"; southern blacks are - denied the right to vote - restricted from moving freely - denied the right to own land - excluded from certain jobs - subject to a separate and much more severe penal code - prohibited from possessing firearms The Ku Klux Klan is founded in Tennessee as a fraternal organization opposed to the emancipation of the blacks; white southern ,,aristocracy"fears ,,n-gger domination" and aims at restoring white supremacy in the South; terrorist acts against blacks like lynching are carried out The Fourteenth Amendment affirms black citizenship The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees blacks the right to vote Racial segregation is gradually enforced in the American South Louisiana passes a law enforcing ,,equal but separate"access to colleges, trains, etc. Peak years of black lynchings NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is founded; the U.S.'s oldest civil rights organization the Black Muslims, later the Nation of Islam, promotes the separation of blacks from white Americans Segregated regiments of white and African-Americans fight for the U.S. ca. 1 mio. African-American soldiers fight for the U.S. Rosa Parks is arrested in Montgomery, Alabama - Montgomery bus boycott |- 26-year-old Baptist Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Begins active participation in the civil rights movement The SCLL (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) is founded to support the protest movement; leader: Martin Luther King Jr. Malcolm X becomes famous leader of Black Muslims; promotion of a separate black state and acceptance of violence as a means of self-defense Freedom Riders: black and white civil rights activists travel through the segregated South to peacefully protest against racial segregation → Gandhian philosophy of non-violent