The Declaration of Independence and American Identity

The Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, stands as a powerful symbol of liberty and articulates the foundational ideals of the American Dream.

Key Aspects of the Declaration

1. Proclaims the ideals of freedom, equality, and popular sovereignty
2. Justifies the secession from Great Britain
3. Emphasizes the importance of human rights and equality
4. Defines the government's role in protecting these rights
5. Asserts the people's right to replace a government that fails to fulfill its purpose

Quote: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

This document laid the groundwork for the American system of government and continues to inspire the nation's pursuit of justice and equality.

What is an American?

Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crèvecoeur, writing between 1770 and 1775, explored the question of American identity. His observations highlight the unique characteristics that defined early American society:

1. America as a gathering place for Europe's poor and disadvantaged
2. Contrast between European class divisions and American opportunities
3. The promise of new laws, a new way of life, and a new social system
4. Meritocracy: the idea that hard work leads to rewards
5. Cultural melting pot bringing together diverse knowledge and traditions

Highlight: The American is described as "a new man who acts upon new principles," having escaped the oppressive circumstances of their old country.

This conception of American identity emphasizes the transformative power of the New World and the opportunity for individuals to reinvent themselves.

The Great Depression and the American Dream

The economic crisis of 1929 severely tested the American Dream, revealing:

• Unequal distribution of wealth
• Widespread unemployment and wage reductions
• Average wages dropping by 60 percent

These challenges led to a reevaluation of the American Dream and its accessibility to all citizens.

James Truslow Adams and "The American Dream"

In 1931, James Truslow Adams coined the term "The American Dream" in his study of American history and culture. His definition encompasses:

1. A vision of a better, richer, and more fulfilling life
2. Opportunities for everyone based on ability and achievement
3. Recognition of individual worth beyond material success
4. Absence of rigid class barriers
5. A community-oriented life where everyone can achieve their dreams

Definition: The American Dream is "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement."

Adams emphasized that realizing the American Dream requires both social responsibility from the wealthy and personal initiative from those seeking advancement. He cautioned against egoism and the pursuit of mere physical comfort, advocating instead for a more holistic and community-minded approach to achieving personal and societal success.

This comprehensive view of the American Dream continues to influence discussions about opportunity, success, and the nature of the good life in America today.