Analysis Englisch LK

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from the outside point of view: - perspective from which the narrator presents characters, events, etc. - perspective can change - (third person) limited: -> narrator can only talk about what they see, assume, notice -> only describes the feelings and thoughts of one particular character -(third person) unlimited -> omniscient: -> narrator has total knowledge -> knows everything about all the characters feelings, thoughts, dreams, backgrounds and time -> can tell events that take place far away in -> can comment on the characters behavior -> mainly neutral and more distant -> not visible space Summary Rules for writing a summary: - introductory sentence - author, title, text type, Date, maintopic -Summarise the most important information and facts without interpreting or commenting and without mentioning Details -dates, statistics, quotes present tense be brief Answer the w-questions who/what/when/where/why/how/what for Phrases: introductory sentence: - the [text type] [title] written by [author] in [date of publishing] is about.../ deals with... [maintopic] main part: the author points out... - he stresses that... he argues that... - he states that... - he says... - he claims... - he describes... he explains... - he criticizes... - he comments on... - he tries to convince the reader... - Connectives: Überleitungen: In addition/ furthermore/ moreover/additionally/ besides/ another device/ apart from that/ another important aspect is um Gegensätze auszudrücken: Despite of/ nevertheless/ otherwise/ however/ even though/ expect for/ on the other hand Um etwas genauer zu erläutern: That means/ in other words/ in this case/ so that Überleitung: After summarizing the main aspects/ ideas of the speech it is useful to look at how [the author] brings his message across. [author] uses a variety of stylistic devices in his speech. Right from the start/ At first/ He starts off... Analysis - Setting (Who speaks to whom?, When, where, in what situation) structure - intention (Convincement, expressing emotion etc.). of the speech -> main claims, train of thought, line of argumentation message Choice of words - strong/emotive words - personal pronouns exaggerating adjectives - rhetorical strategies - quoting experts and authorities, including evidence from studies, facts and figures - including personal statements of people affected by the issue - humor and irony making claims instead evidence-based arguments - - language - special expressions, imperatives, pronouns, loaded words, stylistic devices, etc. - style and register emotional, (in) formal, matter-of-fact, ironical, sarcastic - stylistic devices - repetition - enumeration metaphor - rhetorical question - antithesis/contrast - -symbol -personification - exaggeration. - alliteration - irony - parallelism. comparison understatement intentionally using a word or phrase more than once the numbering and listing of ideas/things poetical comparison without like or as a question which is meant to be unanswered opposing words/phrases/structures/characters/views sth. concrete (object/character/event) standing for: sth. abstract presenting ideas/objects/animals with human characteristics making sth. greater than in reality repetition of a sound at the beginning of neighboring words saying the opposite of what you mean repeating similar/identical words/phrases/constructions in neighboring lines/sentences comparing two things making sth. less important than in reality indirect reference to a famous event/person/piece of literature row of statements from the weakest to the strongest - - allusion - climax -positive/ negative connotations - connection with the audience use of "1", "You" and "We" to create a personal relationship, feeling of togetherness - starting with a humorous remark to break the ice/ serious remark to underline the importance of the speech - addressing certain groups (e.g. fathers, children) and making references to their experiences - Emotive language to establish a good speaker-audience relationship - appearing truthful and authentic - leave some things unsaid that might be unpleasant - Evaluation (attention-seeking? Convincing?) Effects -to emphasize/stress/underline a certain point - to arouse the readers interest to make the reader think - to criticizes/satirize a situation/person/iden/event - to create humour - to amuse/entertain the reader - to evoke funny/revealing associations - to create a graphic mental image - to make the passage vivid - to surprise the reader - to create an emotional effect - to involve the reader/ create a relationship with the reader - to create a sense of togetherness - dramatization - intensification Weitere Formulierungen: - he makes use of (stylistic device) to describe... - he employs (stylistic device) to make a vivid impression of... - he highlights.... by using (stylistic device) the (stylistic device) suggest.... the (stylistic device) underlines... - one of the most effective devices the speaker employs is... - a striking rhetorical device is - in line... the speaker argues that... - to make the audience aware that... engage the listener... to - to make a lasting - to emphasize sth. - to catch the listeners attention - to underline/ stress/ highlight/ emphasize/ call attention to draw attention to - to illustrate - to criticize Connectives: für den Beginn eines Textes: to start off/ to begin with/ at first/ first of all/ in general - Überleitungen: In addition/ furthermore/ moreover/ additionally/ besides/ another device/ apart from that/ another important aspect is/ also/ again/ similarly/ equally - um Gegensätze auszudrücken: Despite of/ inspite of/ nevertheless/ otherwise/ however/ even though/ expect for/ on the other hand/ but/ instead - Um etwas genauer zu erläutern: That means/ in other words/ in this case/ that is to say/ a better way of putting it is/ this implies - Um zu etwas referieren: with regard to/ referring to/ with reference to - Um etwas zu vergleichen: likewise/ both/ as...as/ equally/ as well/ similarly - Um einen Text zu beenden: Lastly/finally/ in conclusion/ as a result in the end / all in all Comment or Speech Script Comment -repeating given opinion/fact/quote expressing your own opinion (criticism/support) -Giving argument/reason conclusion Introduction: the political speech...[title]... raises the question/introduces the problem of... - In the following am I going to comment' on ... Main part: -I (do not agree with the idea that/ of... - referring to the view/arguments/ example of the speaker - considering the fact that... - another significant point/ fact/ argument is... -you also have to take into consideration that am convinced (that)... - on the one hand... on the other hand in contrast to... - I would like to point out that... another important point is... - supporters of... might argue that... it's important to note that... - an argument which some e people stand behind is... however... Conclusion: -final opinion - response to introductory question - looking at the two sides/ taking both sides into consideration, I have to say.... -having considered the different arguments, I ... - to sum up, I am of the opinion... - to come to a final conclusion... In conclusion, I'would like to say that.. all in all, I understand xy's view because.. however, the counter arguments dominate Speech script STRUCTURE Opening A statement, keywords or catchwords, rhetorical devices such as alliteration, antithesis or simile, a phrase from the conclusion to circle the speech, a surprising image The body of the speech 1. Brainstorm your ideas 2. Research the topic 3. Concentrate on the most important ideas/ arguments 4. Support your arguments with facts, details, examples 5. Refute possible counter arguments 6. Refer to experiences 7. Organize the speech by putting the ideas/ arguments in a logical order 8. Use persuasive words and phrases 9. Use rhetorical devices Conclusion