Formulierungshilfen

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und abschließende Bewertung To sum up... In short/in brief/in general... On the whole, ... All in all, ... Bezugnahme zu den Argumenten des Autors The author... . In conclusion, then, it is clear that... To conclude, therefore, it seems that... Having considered all these issues... Having outlined the main arguments... Having taken all these factors into account... I come to the conclusion that... . Claims/states/suggests/implies refers to/alludes to deals with/discusses puts forward the thesis that presents/develops/defends the thesis that expresses his point of view holds the view that agrees to/with, approves (of), is in favour of emphasizes/highlights/stresses supports/sides with/sympathizes with criticizes/blames sb. for/ reproaches sb with sb. accuses sb. of having done sth. questions sb. raises objections to/opposes sb. objects by pointing out argues that comments on assumes a critical attitude towards sb. argues for against points out that bases his arguments on supports/illustrates his arguments Formulierung der eigenen Meinung he overlooks the fact that I'd like to emphasize the fact consequently the result may be it seems to me that on the one hand.../on the other hand... it is true that, but... in my opinion/from my point of view when discussing problems in a comment as far as I can see Einstieg Personally, I think/feel... In my opinion... I object to... To my mind... Schluss In a word.... To conclude... As a result... Consequently Introductional sectence The [text type] "title" written by [author] and published in [date] deals with [main topic]. . How do you approach a fictional text (order may depend on the individual case)? 1. Read the text carefully at least twice. 2. Write down your first impressions of the text which can be a very general idea, an important phrase, a characteristic feature of style, or the like. 3. Look up unknown vocabulary. Concentrate only on key words that block the understanding of the text. 4. Reread the excerpt and underline important passages, esp. those relevant for the tasks in a test paper. 5. Structure your text according to sense units: How can the text be subdivided? 6. Ask yourself the following question: What literary genre does the text in question belong to: poetry-drama-fiction? 7. What is the story about? What is its main theme? What is its central idea /meaning/ message? Can you state it in one single sentence. 8. What formal elements of the text bring about the central meaning best? 9. Start out with any of the characteristic formal elements which you found relevant for the understanding of the excerpt and analyse it. The main question is: How does the author use this formal element so effectively that it can carry meaning and contribute to the overall effect? 10. Analyse other formal elements of your choice and check whether your findings are true with respect to your initial ideas (points b and g). 11. Perhaps you will have to reformulate your central meaning after the analyses of various aspects of the text. If necessary, do so because it will bring you closer to the author's intention. 12. On your way through the whole process of interpretation, take the following formal elements into account: action / plot; character, setting, atmosphere, point of view, tone, structure, choice of words, imagery and other stylistic devices. Remember that if a story is well-constructed, analyses of these elements will ultim lead you to the core of the text in question because any element contributes a considerable bit to its overall meaning. What actually happens in the story? Situation? Developments? How is the action in the story organised? Who is the protagonist? How is he characterised? Other characters? What is the place of the action presented? The time? The social circumstances? atmosphere What feelings does the narrative convey to the reader because of the description of setting, the choice of words, and the like? Who tells the story (an observer, the protagonist, ...)? From what perspective is the story told (first person narration, third person narration, ...)? Is the story told in a serious, humorous, ironic, sentimental, or ... way? Are there different parts in the text? Any subdivisions? How does the action start? What conveys the text coherence? Is there an open ending / surprise ending? action plot character setting p.o.v. tone structure choice o.w. imagery What register does the author employ to tell his story? Does the author decorate his/her writing with comparisons, metaphors, symbols, personifications, ...? + Comprehension + Don't have to quote + Present tense + Own words or indirectly + Introductional sentence + Analysis of a fictional text + Stylistic devices for example metaphors, rhetorical question, climax, irony, alliteration, ennimernation etc. + Narrator, narrator, narrative perspective / POV • 1st person narrator I/Me • 3rd person narrator He/she + Glossary at the end of our English book + Level of language • dictional adjectives, verbs, nouns + Expect.: (What we have to expect for the last task?) . 3a evaluation • To write an ending of an random story • To write an letter or an email • To hold an dialogue • Comment Alternative für häufig benutzte Wörter Wort if necessary of course need it doesn't matter sometimes he is able to refuse because because of because of improve especially Alternative whether inevitable certainly require it's frivolous occasionally he is capable of defy since due to on the grounds of brush up in particular im Sinne von ob ... unvermeidlich sicherlich brauche, benötigen es ist belanglos gelegentlich er ist fähig... widersetzen, trotzen da ... ...,wegen/auf Grund von... auf Grund von... verbessern besonders ... to know to change rare to get to understand hard to consist/made up to comprise of today he should do sth. to do sth. pretty He is likely to go big to be aware of to alter infrequent to receive to comprehend severe nowadays he is supposed to do sth. in order to do sth. fairly vast, huge Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass er geht wissen ändern, verändern selten bestehen aus, umfassen erhalten verstehen hart, schwer heutzutage er soll etwas tun um etwas zu tun ziemlich riesig to deal with/to be about to answer to succeed We call him Paul a lot of to begin, to start to revolve around to respond to get ahead We refer to him as Paul an amount of to kick off sich drehen um antworten vorankommen, Erfolg haben eine Menge von beginnen, anfangen