Formulierungshilfen

Formatting:

Englisch LK - Formulierungshilfen Klausuren Stellungnahme

Introductional sentence

The [text type] "title" written by [author] and published in [date] deals with [main topic].

How do you approach a fictional text (order may depend on the individual case)?

1. Read the text carefully at least twice.
2. Write down your first impressions of the text which can be a very general idea, an important phrase, a characteristic feature of style, or the like.
3. Look up unknown vocabulary. Concentrate only on key words that block the understanding of the text.
4. Reread the excerpt and underline important passages, esp. those relevant for the tasks in a test paper.
5. Structure your text according to sense units: How can the text be subdivided?
6. Ask yourself the following question: What literary genre does the text in question belong tö poetry-drama-fiction?
7. What is the story about? What is its main theme? What is its central idea /meaning / message? Can you state it in one single sentence.
8. What formal elements of the text bring about the central meaning best?
9. Start out with any of the characteristic formal elements which you found relevant for the understanding of the excerpt and analyse it. The main question is: How does the author use this formal element so effectively that it can carry meaning and contribute to the overall effect?
10. Analyse other formal elements of your choice and check whether your findings are true with respect to your initial ideas (points b and g).
11. Perhaps you will have to reformulate your central meaning after the analyses of various aspects of the text. If necessary, do so because it will bring you closer to the author's intention.
12. On your way through the whole process of interpretation, take the following formal elements into account: action / plot; character, setting, atmosphere, point of view, tone, structure, choice of words, imagery and other stylistic devices. Remember that if a story is well-constructed, analyses of these elements will ultimately lead you to the core of the text in question because any element contributes a considerable bit to its overall meaning.

Formulierungshilfen

• I am convinced that...
• I personally believe that...
• It seems to me (that)...
• I firmly believe that...
• As I see...
• My view of the problem is...
• My point of view is that...
• From my point of view...
• In my opinion/view...
• My view/feeling/opinion is that...
• To my mind...
• If you ask me...
• I'm certain, that...
• I claim, that...
• I feel strongly about...
• what I'm getting at...
• I must concede I (dis)approve ...
• I suppose...
• It evokes the feeling of...
• I like to emphasize/highlight...
• First and foremost...
• I like to point out, that...
• I dislike...
• Undoubtedly, .
• In the former...
• In the latter...

Begründen

• The thing/point is...
• There are many points of view issues to consider here..
• There are several questions to think about when discussing...
• The issues I want to mention/discuss here are...
• A further problem to note is...
• Not only..., but... also...
• The reason why... is that...
• This leads inevitably to...
• The next item is... both... and.../as well... as...
• The cause is that...
• We have to regard, that/Regarding, that...
• Indeed...

Weiterführungen

• besides
• still
• also
• too
• then
• above all
• what is more ...
• Moreover/Furthermore...
• In addition...
• Due to...
• Next/then/finally
• last but not least
• to conclude

Kontrast/Gegensätze

• Since, ...
• to begin with/to start with
• Secondly, ...; Thirdly, ...; Finally, ...; Last of all, ...
• First/First of all...
• in the first/second place
• either...or
• but
• however
• yet
• nevertheless
• in spite of/despite
• instead of
• though
• on the contrary
• in contrast (to...)
• by contrast
• on the one hand ...on the other (hand)
• Whereas...

Beispiele nennen

• for example (e. g.)
• for instance
• such as
• that is to say
• Supposing (that)
• namely
• alternatively

Ergebnisse festhalten

• As a result...
• As a consequence...
• Because of this...
• The effect of this is that...
• consequently
• hence
• thus

Zusammenfassung und abschließende Bewertung

• To sum up...
• In short/in brief/in general...
• On the whole, ...
• All in all, ...
• In conclusion, then, it is clear that...
• To conclude, therefore, it seems that...
• Having considered all these issues...
• Having outlined the main arguments...
• Having taken all these factors into account...
• I come to the conclusion that...

Bezugnahme zu den Argumenten des Autors

• The author...
• Claims/states/suggests/implies
• refers to/alludes to
• deals with/discusses
• puts forward the thesis that
• presents/develops/defends the thesis that
• expresses his point of view
• holds the view that
• agrees to/with, approves (of), is in favour of
• emphasizes/highlights/stresses

Formulierung der eigenen Meinung

• he overlooks the fact that
• I'd like to emphasize the fact
• supports/sides with/sympathizes with
• criticizes/blames sb. for/ reproaches sb with
• sb. accuses sb. of having done sth.
• questions sb.
• raises objections to/opposes sb.
• objects by pointing out
• argues that
• comments on
• assumes a critical attitude towards sb.
• argues for against
• points out that
• bases his arguments on
• supports/illustrates his arguments
• consequently the result may be
• it seems to me that
• on the one hand.../on the other hand...
• it is true that, but...
• in my opinion/from my point of view
• when discussing problems in a comment
• as far as I can see

Alternative für häufig benutzte Wörter

• argue - claim, suggest, imply, state
• believe - think, feel, suppose, assume
• show - illustrate, demonstrate, prove
• explain - clarify, make clear, elaborate
• say - state, mention, point out, declare
• use - employ, utilise, make use of
• help - assist, aid, support
• get - obtain, acquire, receive
• give - provide, offer, present
• make - create, produce, generate
• see - observe, notice, perceive
• think - consider, contemplate, reflect