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Die moderne industriegesellschaft zwischen fortschritt und krise
Friedensschlüsse und ordnungen des friedens in der moderne
Imperialismus und erster weltkrieg
Der mensch und seine geschichte
Herausbildung moderner strukturen in gesellschaft und staat
Deutschland zwischen demokratie und diktatur
Das 20. jahrhundert
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Europa und globalisierung
Europa und die welt
Die zeit des nationalsozialismus
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Bipolare welt und deutschland nach 1953
Demokratie und freiheit
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Die subpolare und polare zone
Russland
Herausforderungen an die menschen des 21. jahrhunderts
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Klima und vegetationszonen
Entwicklung in tropischen räumen
Planet erde
China
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Usa
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formulation guidance analysis Introduction *The [type of text] [title] written by [author] and published [date] deals with..... •The text deals with/focuses on/is aimed / tries to /presents... •The writer lawthor describes.... •The aim / purpose of the text is.. (target group) Structure introduction ·body: Intention, register, choice of words, stylistic devices conclusion (style) Main part Intention informative function, using reasoned argument, narrative function own opinion, one-sided information, simplify facts, aramatization, negative attitude towards the counter position •The intention of the text is... structure of the text what is the main thesis / which arguments does the speaker use" / Does the author refute the opposite arguments" The text can be devided into... /The text consists of ... parts/paragraphs I sections •The first partiparagraph gives us / comprises the introduction / central problem / principal part/solution In the first part the author varies the theme Ichanges the topic I goes into detail I passes from... to... register: choice of words (formal or im formal language) • To make use of../to create a certain atmosphere by using... formal linformal/colloquial/academic/clear lobjective / literary Islang... language/expressions •complex/simple sentences, specialist terms, technical terms The author uses a more informal (formal way to... The author points out his view by..... *The sentences are... long-winded/paratactical, simple, complex. *symbols/images lexamples metaphors (visualization, picturization) •rnetorical questions (attract the reader's attention) *choice of words: emotional language, pictorial language, factual language,...
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no personal pronouns=neutral His/Her choice of words underlines lemphasizes/expresses /presents Tone: general feeling lattitude toward the topic expressed • a serious/rude/friendly/numorous/ironic/polite/criticall optimistic /positive... tone a politelrudel blunt way of addressing somebody I the reader •the tone indicates I suggests that... Style: specific way of writing/stylistic devices ↳manipulate the reader's opinion ·alliteration (more memorable, "inject" a mood or emotion) · enumeration (complete effect, gives the impression that everything has been said •The author uses ... to... repetition (nighlighting the central message) intensifiers (strong adjectives (example: completely irrelevant, absolutely briliant...) → describe now things appear •The stylistic device... underline lennance the arguments of the text, supports/affirms the author's message, brings out the message that... /emphasizes/stresses that.... formulation guidance analysis Linguistic analysis •The function laim/purpose of... is to.. The intention benina... is to... The author employs | lets the sentence start with... in order to... •By using [device], the speaker tries/nopes laims to achieve... This shows lemphasises/nighlights Istresses/reinforces ... to let the awaience know.. to illustrate /visuause an idea •to explain something understandably I to offer an easy-to-understand image ·to create a memorable phrase •to envolve a positive reaction to establish contact Ito connect with sb I to reach out to sb. to make sb feel personally addressed connectives *chronological order: firstly, seconaly../next/previously.../afterwards/later..../also../above all ... Moreover..../ in aaaition... I to begin with... / to start with..) finally.../ last but not least... I Due to... •compare aiffrent aspects: furthermore../ in addition (to that)-/ additionally-/on the one hand,... on the other nand..... .examples: for instance- /in this case../specifically.../with regard to... I for example.../such as... •contrast' in contrast (to).../whereas... / nonetheless... I however... I on the contrary... I despite this...I in spite of the fact that-/ regardless.. I even though.../nevertheless.../ Reference to the arguments of the author: claims/states I suggests limplies / alludes to / deals with | cuscusses/puts forward the thesis that I presents I develops laefends the thesis that/ expresses his point of view) agrees to, with / approves (of) lis in favor of /sympathizes with/criticizes / blames sb. for / reaproaches sb with sth/ accuses sb. of having done stn I questions sb. 8th | raises objections to lopposes sb. l objects by pointing out/ argues that I comments on I assumes a critical attitude towards sb, sthlargues for-against / points out that / bases his arguments on / supports, illustrates his arguments by giving reasons •the thing I point is.../ There are many points of view issues to consider here... I There are several questions to think about when discussing... The issue I want to mention laiscuss here are... I a further problem to note is... Not only, but also.../ The reason why..is that.../ This leads inevitably to... I The next item is...I both.. and... las well as.../ The cause is that.../ we have to regard, that.../ Regaroung, that.../Indeed.. giving the results As a result... / As a consequence-/ Because of this.. /The effect of this is that... conclusion summing the most important analysis results up → refer to the task in conclusion.. I therefore../ in short.../ all in all-/because of this... in general. Finally one can say that.... to sum up-1 on the whole..I it is clear that.../ to conclude-/having considered all these issues... /naving taken all these factors into account.../ I come to the conclusion that....