Lena Younger (Mama) - The Matriarch of A Raisin in the Sun
Introduction A Raisin in the Sun begins with a powerful portrayal of Lena Younger, commonly referred to as Mama, the central figure in Lorraine Hansberry's groundbreaking play. Mama is described as a woman in her early sixties, whose appearance and demeanor reflect a life of hardship and resilience.
Highlight: Mama's character is a testament to the strength and perseverance of African American women in mid-20th century America.
A Raisin in the Sun Mama characterization reveals a complex and multifaceted individual. Her physical description paints a picture of a full-bodied woman with a dark brown face, white hair, and kind eyes. This outward appearance is complemented by a strong, authoritative voice that commands respect within her family.
Quote: "She wants to keep her family together" - This line encapsulates Mama's primary motivation throughout the play.
Mama's background is rooted in the Great Migration, having moved from the southern United States to the northern states with her late husband, "Big Walter." This relocation forms a crucial part of her backstory and influences her dreams and decisions.
Vocabulary: Great Migration - The movement of six million African Americans from the rural South to the urban North between 1916 and 1970.
A Raisin in the Sun characterisation of Mama extends to her role within the family. She is portrayed as the head of the household, a position that brings both authority and responsibility. Her character traits include:
- Strength and resilience
- Faith in God
- Care for her family
- Desire for a better life
Example: Mama's care for a small plant symbolizes her nurturing nature and hope for growth despite challenging circumstances.
The setting of the play is a small, crowded apartment in Chicago, which Mama shares with her family. This cramped environment fuels her long-standing dream of owning a house, a desire that becomes central to the plot when she receives her late husband's insurance money.
Definition: The American Dream - The ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative.
A Raisin in the Sun conflict between Mama and Beneatha is hinted at in their living arrangements, as they share a bed. This physical closeness contrasts with potential generational and ideological differences between the traditional Mama and her more progressive daughter.
Mama's relationship with her son Walter is complex. While she is disappointed in some of his choices, she ultimately gives him authority over the insurance money, demonstrating her belief in his potential and her desire for family unity.
Highlight: The tension between Mama's traditional values and her children's modern aspirations forms a key conflict in the play.
In conclusion, Lena Younger (Mama) emerges as a powerful, multidimensional character whose strength, faith, and dreams drive the narrative of "A Raisin in the Sun." Her characterization provides a poignant exploration of family dynamics, racial identity, and the pursuit of a better life in mid-20th century America.
