Historical Roots of British Multiculturalism
This section explores the historical factors that have contributed to the UK's multicultural society.
Ancient Influences
The multicultural nature of Britain can be traced back to ancient times:
- Romans, Vikings, and Normans occupied the United Kingdom, bringing their cultures and languages.
- Many English words have French, German, or Scandinavian origins, reflecting these historical influences.
Trade and Royal Connections
Highlight: The UK's long history of trade with other European countries has facilitated the free movement of people, including intermarriages.
The British royal family itself is notably multicultural, with many former kings and queens coming from European royal families. In fact, Great Britain has been ruled by European monarchs, such as William I (Norman) and William III (Dutch).
Colonial Legacy
The colonial past of the UK plays a significant role in its current multicultural makeup:
- During the British Empire, many Britons moved to colonies worldwide, while colonial citizens came to Britain.
- Former territories and colonies maintain close links with Britain, contributing to ongoing immigration.
Urban Concentration
Example: Big cities like London and Manchester are extremely multicultural, while smaller cities and villages tend to be less diverse.
Immigrants have historically moved to larger cities in search of work opportunities. Different cities in the UK have varying proportions of ethnic groups, reflecting their individual histories. For instance, Liverpool has an old black community due to its historical association with the transatlantic slave trade.
Statistical Overview
The document provides a statistical breakdown of ethnicity in the UK as of 2011:
- White: 87.2%
- Asian/Asian British Indian: 2.3%
- Asian/Asian British Pakistani: 1.9%
- Mixed: 2%
- Black: 3%
- Other: 3.7%
Highlight: The 2011 census showed that 87.2% of the UK population was white British, but positive net migration and international ties resulting from the former British Empire have contributed to an increasingly diverse population.
Black British citizens with African and/or African-Caribbean ancestry form the largest ethnic minority group at 3% of the total population. Indian Britons represent one of the largest overseas communities of the Indian diaspora.