General Information and Pre-Colonial Era
Nigeria, located on the western coast of Africa, is a country of immense diversity and historical significance. With a population of 206.1 million, it holds the title of Africa's most populous nation and the world's seventh most populated country.
Pre-Colonial History
Nigeria's rich history dates back to around 5000 BC when the region was first populated. The country's landscape was dotted with various ethnic groups, each with its own distinct culture and traditions. Among these, the Yoruba in the west, Fulani and Hausa in the north, and Igbo in the south-east emerged as prominent communities.
Highlight: Nigeria boasts over 520 spoken languages, reflecting its incredible ethnic diversity.
Colonial Influences
The arrival of European powers in the 18th century marked a significant turning point in Nigeria's history. The Portuguese initiated the slave trade along Nigeria's coast around 1500 AD, establishing slave ports, particularly around Lagos. This period saw the rise and fall of various territories, driven by climate changes, economic interests, and religious or cultural differences.
Example: The slave trade's impact was profound, with Lagos becoming a major hub for the transatlantic slave trade.
British Colonial Era
The 19th century witnessed the gradual expansion of British influence in Nigeria:
- 1807: Abolishment of the slave trade
- Early 19th century: British missionaries established schools, spreading Christianity, English language, and British culture
- Mid-19th century: Britain's Royal Niger Company gained control over Nigeria's ports and export of natural resources
- 1914: Unification of Nigeria as a British colony titled "Colony & Protectorate of Nigeria"
Vocabulary: Nigeria Kolonie Deutschland - While Nigeria was not a German colony, this term refers to the colonial era when European powers, including Germany, were active in Africa.
The colonial period laid the foundation for modern Nigeria, but also created divisions that would have lasting impacts on the country's future.