Page 2: Advanced Participle Constructions and If Clauses

The second page covers additional uses of participle constructions and introduces the three types of if clauses bildung.

Definition: If clauses typ 1 express likely conditions using simple present + will + infinitive Example: "If the game is good, I will play it"

Highlight: If clauses typ 2 express unlikely conditions using simple past + would + infinitive Example: "If the game was good, I would play it"

Definition: If clauses typ 3 express impossible conditions referring to the past using past perfect + would have + past participle Example: "If the game had been good, I would have played it"

The page also explains how to use participle constructions:

• To express accompanying circumstances (using phrases like "whereby" or "in doing so")
• With different subjects (requiring the use of "with")

Page 1: Present and Past Participle Constructions

This page details the fundamental rules and applications of participle constructions in English. Present participles, formed with the -ing form, replace active verbs in various contexts, while past participles are used for passive constructions.

Definition: Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the verb base and replace active verbs in various clause types.

Example: "Tourists who visited New York" becomes "Tourists visiting New York"

Highlight: The time reference in participle constructions isn't immediately apparent and can refer to past, present, or future.

The page outlines five main uses of participle constructions:

1. Replacing relative clauses
2. Replacing temporal clauses
3. Replacing causal clauses
4. Replacing concessive clauses
5. Expressing negation

Vocabulary: Temporal clauses (time-related), causal clauses (expressing reason), concessive clauses (expressing contrast)