Page 1: Present and Past Participle Constructions

This page details the fundamental rules and applications of participle constructions in English. Present participles, formed with the -ing form, replace active verbs in various contexts, while past participles are used for passive constructions.

Definition: Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the verb base and replace active verbs in various clause types.

Example: "Tourists who visited New York" becomes "Tourists visiting New York"

Highlight: The time reference in participle constructions isn't immediately apparent and can refer to past, present, or future.

The page outlines five main uses of participle constructions:

1. Replacing relative clauses
2. Replacing temporal clauses
3. Replacing causal clauses
4. Replacing concessive clauses
5. Expressing negation

Vocabulary: Temporal clauses (time-related), causal clauses (expressing reason), concessive clauses (expressing contrast)