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Gegensätze auszudrücken: Despite of/ nevertheless/ otherwise/ however/ even though/ expect for/ on the other hand Um etwas genaver zu erläutern: That means/ in other words/ in this case/ so that Analysis Analyse the most striking rhetorical devices Rhetorical devices - repetition - intentionally using a word or phrase more than once - enumeration - the numbering and listing of ideas/things - metaphor - poetical comparison without like or as - rhetorical question – a question which is meant to be unanswered - antithesis-contrast: opposing words/phrases/structures/characters/views -symbol- sth. concrete (object/character/event) standing for sth. abstract - personification - presenting ideas/objects/animals with human characteristics - hyperbole - exaggeration/overstatement/making sth. greater than in reality - alliteration - repetition of a sound at the beginning of neighboring words - irony - saying the opposite of what you mean - parallelism-repeating similar/identical words/phrases/constructions in neighboring lines/sentences/paragraphs - comparison - comparing two things - understatement - understatement/ making sth. less important than in reality - allusion - indirect reference to a famous event/person/piece of literature - climax - row of statements from the weakest to the strongest Effects: -to emphasize a certain point (stress it) - to arouse the readers interest - to make the reader think - to criticizes/satirize a situation/person/iden/event - to produce a (fine) rhythm - to create humour - to amuse/entertain the reader - to evoke funny/revealing associations - to create a graphic mental image - to make the passage vivid - to surprise the reader To create an emotional effect - to involve the reader/ create a relationship with the reader - dramatization - intensification Connectives: – für den Beginn eines Textes: to start off/ to begin with/ at first/ first of all/ in general - Überleitungen: In addition/ furthermore/ moreover/ additionally/ besides/ another device/ apart from that/ another important aspect is/ also/ again/ similarly/ equally - · um Gegensätze auszudrücken: Despite of/ inspite of/ nevertheless/ otherwise/ however/ even though/ expect for/ on the other hand/ but/ instead Formulierungen-Analysis - Um etwas genaver zu erläutern: That means in other words/ in this case that is to say a better way of putting it is/ this implies - Um zu etwas referieren: with regard to/ referring to/ with reference to - Um etwas zu vergleichen: likewise/ both/ as...as/ equally/ as well/ similarly - Um einen Text zu beenden: Lastly/finally/ in conclusion/ as a result in the end / all in all überleitung : Weitere Formulierungen After summarizing the main aspects/ ideas of the speech it is useful to look at how [the author] brings his message across. [author] uses a variety of stylistic devices in his speech. Right from the start/ At first/ He starts off ... - he makes use of [stylistic device] to describe... - he employs [stylistic device] to make a vivid impression of... - he highlights.... by using [stylistic device] the [stylistic device] suggests... the [stylistic device] underlines... - one of the most effective devices the speaker employs is... - a striking rhetorical device is - in line ... the speaker argues that... - to make the audience aware that... - to engage the listener... - to make a lasting - to emphasize sth. - to catch the listeners attention – to underline/ stress/ highlight/ emphasize/ call attention to draw attention to - to illustrate - to criticize - presenting your personal opinion -pro/contra-arguments - final conclusion/opinion Introduction: - the political speech...[title]... raises the question/ introduces the problem of... - In the following am I going to comment on ... Main part: - Pro-/Contra-argumentation comment - referring to the view/arguments/ example of the speaker - considering the fact that... - another significant point/ fact/ argument is... - you also have to take into consideration that - I am convinced (that)... - on the one hand... on the other hand - in contrast to... - I (do not) agree with the idea that/ of... - I would like to point out that... - another important point is... - supporters of... might argue that... - it's important to note that... an argument which some people stand behind is... however... Conclusion: -final opinion (-response to introductory question) - looking at the two sides/ taking both sides into consideration, I have to say... - having considered the different arguments, I ... - to sum up, I am of the opinion... - to come to a final conclusion... - In conclusion... American Dream - Belief that anyone can accomplish anything, only limited by how willing they are to work for it and not by their skin color/religion/ etc. Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson (4th of July 1776) "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." 4 USA: - country with unlimited possibilities - life with freedom and prosperity - pursuit of happiness - you can reach anything with hard work criticism - makes it look like poor people are self responsible for their situation if you only have to work hard to become rich poor people = lazy? – but jobs with lower wages are often more (physically) exhausting (-> poor does not mean lazy) - depends on level of education higher tuition fees depends on financial resources of the parents - there is still discrimination (against poc) – AD is not accessible to everyone Equal opportunity is controversial Interpretation = American Dream (positive) - personal dream reach personal aims like family, property, freedom, happiness, health and materialistic wishes - social dream: Equality and opportunity, classless society, multicultural society (melting pot) - economic dream: prosperity and success, desire to get continually better - political dream: democracy and justice, basic human rights The American Dream today: - nowadays: more critical and negative view on the American Dream - often seen as an "illusion" by critics, as not everyone has access to the possibilities usually associated with the AD - "education is the key to success": higher education costs not everyone can afford it – "hard work will pay off": huge gap between rich and poor, different social classes, large income inequality - "beritage (origin/race) is irrelevant": discrimination/racism (directed against the black population ("black lives matter"), directed against the Asian population ("Stop Asian Hate")) - us constitution Bill of rights