Alternativer Bildtext:

December 1955 to 20. December 1956 - Rosa Parks took the bus after work - Whites only section was all taken - Rosa Parks and three other women would not leave their seats - Rosa Parks was arrested - WPC started the boycott on December 5 - 40.000 black passengers boycott the bus system - founded the Montgomery Improvement Association short (MIA) - ends after 382 days - Black people not same right. black people were segregated from white people e.g. separated schools or toilets white sections all taken, the black people stand up and go to the last part WHY FIGHT TRAFFIC? Loodus info Only white The effects ere 28.57 - on 5 th June, 1956 the federal court decides that racial segregation in buses speaks violates the 14 additional articles - The city not happy this decision - Buses integrated - city build segregated bus stops - january 1957: 4 Black churches and the home of Black leaders were bombed If you want, you can stil watch this video with Rosa Parks. – earliest mass protest in the name of civil rights – Martin Luther King was national leader of the civil rights movement Larry King Live - 1995: Rosa Parks says she isn't bitter https://youtu.be/eP1PeR4huuM Bild https://omnibus.news/zeitzeuge-aus-amerika Bus https://aaregistry.org/story/the-montgomery-bus-boycott-begins/ https://www.britannica.com/event/Montgomery-bus-boycott https://greenlightrights.com/de/ikone/martin-luther-king-jr/ Luther Fahrrad Rosa bus https://www.biography.com/activist/rosa-parks Quellen https://getpocket.com/redirect?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fblack- history%2Ffourteenth-amendment https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott http://www.demokratiezentrum.org/themen/genderperspektiven/pionierinnen/pionierinnen- frauenbewegung-gallery.html?index=2278 1. Introduction Montgomery Bus Boycott Good afternoon, everybody. Nowadays, nobody would think that there was a special section for African-Americans in buses. In the 19th century, it was this reality that why I would like to talk about Rosa Parks, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott. I will start this presentation with Rosa Parks, followed by the historical background. Afterwards, we are taking a look at the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the effects. 2. Rosa Parks Let's start with Rosa Parks. This picture shows her. She was born in 1913 in Alabama and died in 2005. Rosa married Raymond Parks, a civil rights activist for the African- Americans. In 1940 Rosa Parks started to work as a volunteer secretary in the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People even though her day job was to work as a tailor. Her husband had already been in this organization. She was a civil rights activist moreover the reason why the Montgomery bus boycott started. After all, she moved with her family to Detroit. Rosa Parks travelled around, held presentations or published books about civil rights. 3. historical background That leads me to my next point, which is the historical background. The lives of African-Americans or all black people were different to nowadays. Black people did not have the same rights as white people. For instance, black people were from white people segregated, had separated schools or toilets. It was the same with the buses they have three sections. In the front was for white-only, in the last part of the bus was for only black people. In the middle of the bus, the people were mixed. Whenever the white section was all taken, the black people in the middle part of the bus had to leave their seats and go to the black-only section. 4. Montgomery Bus Boycott Now I will go on to my next point, to what I just have told you, the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The boycott lasted from 1. December 1955 to 20. December 1956. Rosa Parks took the bus after work and sat in the middle section (white and black). The white-only part in the bus was all taken. Rosa Parks and three other women would not leave their seats after the bus driver J. Fred Blake asked them to stand up. On this date, Rosa park gets arrested. She was fin ten dollars plus 4 dollars in court fee. A fun fact: It was not the first time Parks and Blake had met each other. In 1943 Rosa Parks paid for her bus ticket and left the bus to go in black only part. Blake closed the bus doors and drove away without Rosa Parks. E. D Nixon, a famous black leader, helped her get out of jail and paid her bail. Afterwards, the black women group named the Women's Political Council short WPC worked for civil rights and launched a flyer protest. On 5th. December 1955 start the boycott of the bus system. Rosa Parks was indicted on the same day. Rosa Parks was four days before the boycott day arrested. On boycott day, 40,000 black passengers boycotted, which the majority of people who used the bus, the bus system. In the afternoon, the Black leaders met each other and founded the Montgomery Improvement Association short (MIA). Martin Luther King Jr., a pastor, had been the president of MIA. African-Americans boycotted the bus system until their demands were met by the city. Their demands were a courtesy attitude toward black passengers and a policy that whites could use the seats from the front and African Americans from the back. The Montgomery Bus boycott ends after 382 days. 5. the effects We are now coming to the last part of my presentation, the effects. The federal court of Montgomery decides, on the 5th June 1956, that racial segregation in buses violates the fourteen additional articles. This article is a constitution that would recognize in 1868. That says that all people born or naturalized in the US, including formerly enslaved people, are entitled to citizenship. Among other things, it also includes that there should be equality in the protection of citizens. The city was not happy with this decision and went to the U. s. Supreme Court to appeal the decision. The US Supreme Court, however, agreed with the Montgomery federal court. The city was not so satisfied with the new buses in these were black and white no longer separated, so they built bus stops for white people only. Including, the new buses were attacked and shouted. In January 1957, four Black churches and the home of the Black leaders were bombed and destroyed. Seven members of the Ku Klux Klan (white supremacist group) there were the ones behind the bomb attack, were arrested. Everything I mentioned was the earliest mass protest on behalf of civil rights in the United States. Also, the boycott was a foundation for further actions for equality. Martin Luther King emerged as a national leader of the civil rights movement. His approach is one of the most relevant points of the civil rights movement. That was my presentation. Thank you for listing.