The Civil Rights Movement

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established in 1909 THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT December the 1st, 1955: • refused to give up her seat for a white passenger got arrested because of improperly behavior and violation against the segregation laws ● December the 5th, 1955: convicted of violating segregation laws the "Montgomery bus boycott" began organized by the NAACP under the lead of Martin Luther King Jr. ● ● ● ● ● the incident spread very fast: gets acknowledged as the official beginning of the movement ● Over a year: refused to use the public bus system Used instead: Taxis, walked or organized car pools THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT Result of many discrimination cases similar cases to Park: ● November 13th, 1956: US Supreme Court declared bus segregation unconstitutional ● ● THE BIRMINGHAM CAMPAIGN Martin Luther King led a series of nonviolent protests -> hoped to influence the government Nonviolent protests included: marching, picketing and giving speeches African American were: arrested, attacked with fire horses and police dogs Homes and hotel rooms of leaders were bombed The violence against nonviolent protests gained national attention -> put pressure on the government wwwww RESTO Coca-Cola THE BIRMINGHAM CAMPAIGN Results: ● • May of 1963 the local government agreed to desegregate water fountains, restrooms and lunch counters and to work to reduce discriminatory hiring practices. Step in the right direction, but did not mark the end of racial violence in Birmingham ➤ Example: on September 15th the Ku Klux Klan bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church: 4 African American girls were killed and several were injured LIBER CONTRACTING ● ● THE MARCH OF WASHINGTON ● On August of 1963: 250.000 Americans came to Washington D.C for the March of Washington for Jobs and Freedom People came to have their voices heard and listen to speeches by many civil rights leaders, especially Martin Luther King, Jr. The march ended with King's “I have a dream” speech > One of the most important speeches in history gave hope to many African-Americans around the nation. Resistance movement led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE MOVEMENT THE CIVIL RIGHT ACT OF 1964 ● ● ● Signed into law on July 2nd, 1964 by President Johnson One of the most disputed laws in American history Prohibition of discrimination in public places Banned discrimination in: education, hiring practices and elections OTHER ANTI- DISCRIMINATION LAWS Voting Rights Act of 1965 signed by President Johnson to overcome legal barriers that prevented black people from exercising their right to vote; improved voter turnout among blacks Fair Housing Act of 1968 prevented housing discrimination based on race, sex, national origin and religion • Strenghtend anti-lynching laws ● Made it a crime to harm civil rights workers ● CIVIL RIGHTS VICTORIES ➤ Eleminated segregation Knocked down barriers of voting and political participation for African Americans Increase in the number of African American high school graduates Poverty rates fell GAGE SAYS. CHA END PAN FEI SEGREGATED LAW WE RULES NOW: DEMAND FREED M PUBLIC SCHOOLS VOTING RIGHTS NOW! MI DO Grea JOBS FOR ALL OR ALL NOW! IT PAY W! ● SITUATION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS TODAY All citizens are equal before law today. → situation of Blacks has improved a lot • But still: racial inequality & disadvantages for black people ● ● • A lot of poor African American families live in ghetto-like neighborhoods Police violence, discrimination, prejudice, racism CONCLUSION • Empowering yet precarious time for Black Americans ● • Efforts of civil rights activists and countless protesters of all races brought ● about legislation to end... ● ...segregation ...Black voter suppression ....discriminatory employment and housing practices THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! ● ● ● SOURCES https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement https://www.americanprogress.org/article/systematic-inequality/ https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott https://www.britannica.com/event/American-civil-rights-movement http://www.african-american-civil-rights.org/birmingham-campaign/ https://www.ducksters.com/history/civil rights/african- american_civil_rights_movement.php