The four humours theory shaped medieval and Renaissance understanding of human personality and health, connecting elements, bodily fluids, and temperaments in a comprehensive system that influenced literature, medicine, and astrology during the Elizabethan era.
- The theory identifies four fundamental temperaments: Sanguine (blood/air), Choleric (yellow bile/fire), Phlegmatic (phlegm/water), and Melancholic (black bile/earth)
- Each temperament corresponds to specific personality traits, seasons, zodiac signs, and stages of human life
- Shakespeare extensively utilized the four humours in character development
- Astrological practices in the Elizabethan period were closely tied to the humoral theory, encompassing medical, natal, horary, electional, and mundane applications