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501 2 The Kingdom unites (&'disunites) - England, Scotland, wales & Ireland independent countries - 1535 Henry III brought Ireland under English control & founded the Kingdom of Ireland -> provoked repeated unrest reaction to subsequent movements to establish home rule in Scotland, Wales & Ireland Parliament in London set up government - - - - 1998 Ireland, Scotland & Wales granted own law-making institutions transfer of political powers from centre of regions called devolution - offices in these regions After Irish War of independence (1919-1921) - Ireland divided, leaving Northern Ireland as part of United Kingdom A disunited England? - the North-South divide Narth-South divide refers to differences such as climate, landscape, mentality or wealth - People in north poorer-but often seen more warm-hearted Northerners working-class people, south- middle class 3 - - Line between south & north - mouth of river Humber in the Northeast to Bristol channel in southwest The gap between the rich and the poor - - Britain has always been class-ridden society -rich & poor leading different Lives result of Industrial Revolution the cities expanded with influx of working-class people from countryside-slums grew too Victorian age- siums notorious for poverty, crime, brutality Private charities /Individuals help less privileged-welfare policies welfare state - Security from the cradle to the grave > - cut back welfare and encourage more self-reliance - CN - (4) Empire & Commonwealth > 16th century British companies set up trading posts ensure Supply of much needed goods, tea, sugar - hold political power British government controlled colonies with help of governors, administrators & armies - clashed with local powers On of these clashes-> lead to the loss of the North American colonies - became U.S of America - British Empire ruled roughly one quarter of world's population, London "the greatest city of any age or country" - - The United Kingdom as part of a United States of Europe? Winston Churchill was haunted by the idea of European continent "united States of Europe" ->peace & cooperation Criticism of the EU has continued to grow-anti-European partx -> exit from EU in 2020 - - 6