Future Tenses in Latin
This page delves into the future tenses in Latin, specifically Future I and Future II (also known as Future Perfect), for both active and passive voices.
Future I (Simple Future)
The Future I tense is used to express actions that will happen in the future.
Example: For "clamare" (to shout), the Future I active forms are: clamabo, clamabis, clamabit, clamabimus, clamabitis, clamabunt.
The table shows conjugations for verbs from different groups:
- a-conjugation: clamare (to shout)
- e-conjugation: ridere (to laugh)
- i-conjugation: audire (to hear)
- consonant conjugation: promittere (to promise)
- mixed conjugation: capere (to take)
- irregular verbs: esse (to be) and posse (to be able)
Future II (Future Perfect)
The Future II or Future Perfect tense is used for actions that will have been completed in the future.
Highlight: The Future II is formed using the perfect stem of the verb plus special endings.
The table demonstrates various types of perfect stems:
- v-perfect: clamavero (I will have shouted)
- u-perfect: tacuero (I will have been silent)
- s-perfect: promisero (I will have promised)
- reduplication: cucurrero (I will have run)
- lengthening: venero (I will have come)
Vocabulary:
- Reduplikation: A method of forming perfect stems by repeating the first consonant of the root
- Dehnungsperfekt: Perfect formed by lengthening the stem vowel
The passive voice for Future I is also presented, showing how these forms differ from their active counterparts.
Example: The Future I passive of "clamare" is: clamabor, clamaberis, clamabitur, clamabimur, clamabimini, clamabuntur.
This page provides an excellent resource for understanding the Futur Passiv Latein (Latin future passive) and the formation of the Futur 1 Passiv Latein (Latin future I passive).