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-how can my country become global? 2.0: -industrial revolution -how can my company go global 3.0 -everyone can participate -how can I as an individual go global? NGO's -non governmental organisations -gained more publicity -promote interested of the poor and face global problems -> raise attention Example: Greenpeace, Oxfam Globalization Definition: -process of increasing global conformity with regard to cultural, economic and technical convergences -transfer of goods, capital and services -simplifies communication and interaction with foreign speakers due to the lingua Franca English -economic globalization: companies produce in countries where the costs incurred are lowest, focusing on profit efficiency and speed -cultural globalization: spreading of cultural characteris, which are expressed eg in sports, fashion, music, food etc- Causes: -first industrial revolution and second industrial revolution were characterised by inventions such as the light bulb, the automobile or the steam engine. Old structures were renewed, society was transformed -the third great wave is characterised by innovation in the technological field, which include artificial intelligence, the internet, mobile technology, drones or even mobile translation Finance and education are also affected, as there are now cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, as well as numerous opportunities for education and training in all possible directions on the internet Positive consequences -Innovation is followed by growth in employment -> many new jobs, even in developing countries -hopes of spreading democracy, human rights and universal values while conflicts can be prevented -possibility of international relations, fighting racism -significant health benefits -talented individuals influence the market -global cooperation -exchange of knowledge Negative consequences -developing countries fear dependence on foreign supports, investment and credit -erosion of national cultures -massive illegal immigration -gap between rich and poor -exploitation because of cruel working conditions in developing countries -increased mobility can promote the spread of disease ( e.g. Covid19) -small family business cannot compete against international competition -financial crisis of a state can cause international damage -increase of global crime Typical features of globalization -liberalisation of international trade -the immense increase in international trade -the increase in foreign direct investment -cross-border financial flows -transnational corporate structures (textile industry, semiconductor industry, etc.) -global markets -exchange of information (know-how, ideas etc.) Culture/ Religion -travelling -fashion/ beauty standards -literature, music, films Driving factors -technological drivers Market drivers -economical drivers (imperialism) -political drivers (industrialisation) -assumptions -it all started with imperialism -migration -custom traditions, values, beliefs -food -religion -> exposure language -> converting is more usual -diversity of people -languages -studying abroad -sports -international Events -Access to information Technology -social media -internet Globalization -communication all over the world -copying technology -job opportunities -economical advantage -media progress -artificial intelligence -military technology Economy -global trade -constant exchange of development -export/import ->easier access to other countries -economic independence -outsourcing of labour and productions Every day life -food and clothes -communication with people all over the world -leaning different languages -education -mobile phones/ social media Politics -international alliance and cooperations -trade as warpen -investment policy -updates about every original decision from all over the world -more opportunities for espionage -global challenges (Covid-19) + opportunities (vaccine) -cold war -migration -climate change -worldwide movements (BLM) Winners and losers -bigger and stronger countries -economically ->industrialised developing countries -big companies -multination corporations =global players -GER industry Winners Losers -developing countries (progress) -environmental workers do developing countries -smaller companies - competition -local farmers -loss of individuality -textile industry -low-cost factories -cultures-> westernisation 3 eras of globalisation Globalisation 10 (1492-1800) -global competition among countries ->religion/ imperialism -question about a country's power => how can my country go global? Globalisation 2.0 (1800-2000) (1800) -industrial revolution ->cheaper transportation ->railway steam engine (2000) -easy communication-> PC, telephone, internet -interrupted by World Wars how can my company go global? Globalisation 3.0 (2000-today) -global competition and collaboration among individuals -everyone has the chance to participate => how can I go global as an individual? Mostly European/ American companies/ individuals People from all over the word (eg. Using the internet) Effects of Covid-19 on globalisation Technology +communication via digital devices tworking from home -coordination/management/timing Economy -suffering companies -crash of stock market -delays in import/export -less orders -fear of economic crisis -gap between big and smaller companies Tourism -trust issues/migration +less people travel - positive impact on environment -> less CO emissions negative impact on countries that depend on tourism (Mallorca) erisk of overcrowded places once travelling is possible again +animals less endangered Society -isolation - depression - mental health Issues ->domestic violence +crime went down -people fear democracy -loss of jobs Medicine +medical cooperation -health system is dying +rising awareness for potential outbreak of viruses -> higher standards Politics -trade war -high pressure +political cooperation +crime rate went down -increasing racism (China) +changing school system (digitalisation) NGO's -non-governmental organisations -gained publicity over recent decades -promote interest of the poor Examples: Greenpeace, Oxfam