The civil rights movement

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refusing to stand ADVANCEMENT NAACP 1909 374034 Types of Segregation De jure segregation. ►Segregation by law common in the South De facto segregation National Urban League ▶Segregation without laws common in the North ▶Housing discrimination ►Discrimination in employement The March on Washington on August 28, 1963 ▶250.000 Americans came to Washington D.C for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ▶The march ended with King's "I have a dream" speech ▶One of the most important speeches in history ▶It gave hope to many African-Americans around the nation 1960 ...most urban African Americans live in slums ...landlords ignore ordinances ...African American unemployment twice as high as white ...police brutality SNCC SOUTHERN C CHRISTIAN INFEREN LEADERSHIP CORE Congress of Racial Equality • Martin Luther King Jr decided to get involved, he believed in peaceful, non-violent protests • He told African-Americans to stop riding the bus Walking for Justice, for 381 days, African Americans refused to tide the buses in Montgomery Finally in 1956, the Supreme Court declared segregation on public transportation unconstitutional. Martin Luther King Jr. * 15. January 1929 in Atlanta +4.April 1968 in Memphis ► Martin Luther King Jr. decided to fight for equality and justice for all Americans of all colors ▶He wanted to bring social change in a peaceful way ▶He hold his most important speech I have a dream" at the March on Washington ►The symbolic leader of American blacks and a world figure I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. ~Martin Luther King The Civil Rights movement THE STRUGGLE FOR EQUALITY ..There is no noise as powerful as the sound of the marching feet of a determined people. -Martin L. King Dr. WI MARCH The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed into law on July 2,1964 by President Lyndon Johnson ► Prohibition of discrimination in public places ► Desegregations of schools ► Outlawed discrimination in employment ▸ Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC The Voting Rights Act of 1965 ▶Spurred by actions of protesters and the President, Congress passed the act ▶Secured the right to vote for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South ►By 1975 Congress extended to Hispanics ▶Black participation jumped from 7% in 1964 to 70% in 1986 The Fair Housing Act of 1968 ▶Provided equal housing opportunities ▶Prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of most housing ►Strengthened anti-lynching laws ▸ Made it a crime to harm civil rights workers Civil Rights Victories VOTE "THE BEAUTY of Eliminated de facto or de jure segregation Knocked down barriers of voting and political participation for African Americans ▶ Increase in the number of African Americans high school graduates ▶ Fair housing act ▶Poverty rate fell ▶Appointment of Thurgood Marshall as the first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967 MAKE THIS NEIGHBORHOOD MIXED INCOME ANTIRACISM IS THAT YOU DON'T HAVE TO PRETEND TO BE FREE of RACISM TO BE AN ANTI-RACIST. ANTIRACISM IS THE COMMITMENT TO FIGHT RACISM WHEREVER YOU FIND IT, INCLUDING IN YOURSELF. AND IT'S THE ONLY WAY FORWARD." IJEOMA OLUO The Declaration of Independence, 1776 We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. -Thomas Jefferson Did this actually grant African Americans political, economic, educational, and social equality? IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776. A DECLARATION BY THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN GENERAL CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. W HEN in the Courle of human Event, it become teceffiry for one People to diffolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to afone among the Power of the Earth, the feparate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a docest Refpect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the couchs which impel then to the Separation We hold the Truths be filf-evident that all Men are of Malienable Rights, ther among these are Life, Liberty, and the equid, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inftited among Mes deriving their juft Powers from the Content of the Governed, that whenever say Form of Government becomes defects are Ents, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolith it, and inflitute new Government, laying in Youndation on fach Principles, and organizing in Powers in fch Form, ss to the fall feem mot likely to effect their Safety and Happinel. Prudence, indeed, will difliste that Coveromeets long et tablished thout not be changed for light and trandeos Caules, and accordingly all Experience hath dhewe, that Mankind are more difpofed so faffer, while ng invariably the fame Objed, evinces & Deligs to reduce them under abfolste Defpotiim, it is their Right, it is their Duty, to the to throw off f Govern for their future Secarity. been patient of them to alter their former Saens of Govesme. in Hiory of the pretest King of Great-brind the Neceflity which contains repested Injuries and Ularpations, all thele Sapes. To prove this, lat Facts be fubmind to candid World. and to provide new hasing in dired Objed the Eisblihment of an abfolute Tyranny o He has refuded his Allent to Laws, the most wholelime and neceflary for the public Good. He has forbadden his Governors to pals Laws of immediate and profing Importance, ankee fafpended in their Operation till his Affest thould be obtained; and when fo folpendel, he hus userly neglected to attend to them. has refided to palk other Lawn for the Accommodation of large Didrids of People, ualet thofe People would relinquith the Right of Repreſentation in the Legillature, a Right ineftimable to them, and formidable to Tyrans only. He He has called together Legiſlative Bodies at Places sanfaal, uncomfortable, and distant from the Depofiery of their public Records, for the fole Purpose of fatiguing them into Compliance with his Mealeres, Ha his didelved Representative Houses repeatedly, for oppoling with mily Firmnes his lorations on the Rights of the People. Ha his refuled for long Time, after fach Dillolotions, to caule others to be elected whereby the Legiflative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have re- tarsed to the Pea large for the State remaining in the mean time expoled to all the Dangers of Invalion from without, and Conrullions within. of the Statess for shot Purpale chitrading the Laws for Natunalization of Foreignars, refuling to palk others He hm endeavoured to prevent the b to encourage their Migrations hithen, and railing the Conditions of new Appeopriations of Lands He bas obflruched the Administration of Justice, by refining his Allent to Laws for eftablihing Judiciary Powers. He has made Jadges dependent on his Will alone, for the Tenure of their Offices, and the Amount and Payment of their Salaries. He has reeds Malinade of new Ofice hither Swarms of Officers to harraf our People, and eat out their fabancs without the confent of our Lagidatures. He has kept kong or, in Time of Peace, Standing Armih she Cari Pa He has affected to render the Military independent and f He has combined with others to abject as so a Juridiction foreign to our Coulitation, and unscknowledged by our Laws, giving his Adne to their Adhs of preended Legillition: Fox quartering large Bodles of Armed Troops among un Fox pr our Trade with a Parts of the World i them, by mock Trial, from Panilament for any Murders which they dould commit on the Inhabitants of the States For c Fox impoing Taxs on us without our Condit Fox depriving as, in madly Cafes, of the Benefits of Trial by Jury: Fox tranfporting e bejond Seas to be tried for pretended Offences a Fox abchiting the free Sythem of English Laws in a neighbouring Proria to render it at otce an Example and fr Intrument for introducing the fame ablolute Rale into thele Colonies t Fox taking away our Charters, aboliſhing our molt valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: our declaring with us in all Cats whatever. He has abdicated Gosernment here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War again us. He has plundered cur Seas, ravaged our Cose, burst our Towas, sod defroyed the Lives of our People. Hit this Tims, tranfporting large Armies of foreigs Mercenaries to compleat the Works of Desh, Defolation, and Tyranny, already begus with cir- conftances of Cruelty and Perfly, carcely paralleled in the mot barbarocs Ages, and totally unworthy the Head of scivilized Nation. He has as fellow eablishing therein an arbitrary Government, and enlarging its Boundaries, Brethren, or to fall chemalec by their 21 Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms agsink their Country, to become the Exnertioners of their Friends and He has excited domeftic Infarmections among us, and has endeavoured to bring on the Inhabitants of our Frontiers, the miles Indian Serager, whofe known Rale of Warfar, ia in the mot hamble Terms: Our repeated Petitions have been andwered only by repeat- may define a Tyrest, is unfit to be the Raler of free People e, an of all Ages, www In every Rage of the Oporelo we have Positioned for tajary. A Prince, whole Characher is this marked by every act v No here we been wanting in Ammatiols to our British Brethree. We have warned them from Time to Time of Anempts by their Legiture to extend an unwarrannable Jariticion over us. We have reminded then of the Circundances of our Emigration and Settlement here. We have appealed to their native Jodice and Magussianity, and we have conjured them by the Tius of aor common Kindred to disavow thefe Ufrpations, which would inevitably inserrupt car Connections and Correspondence. They too have been of Monte, Bnci in Ware an, , therefore, acquiefce in the Neceflity, which hold them, we hold the Mankind, Encmics in Peace, Friends. Ws. therefore, the Representatives of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in GENERAL CONGRES, Allembled, pealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the Rechirade of our Intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, abdalved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political Connection between them and the State of Great Britsin, in folved and w AND INDEPENDENT STATEL they have fall Fower to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, chablidh Cre, and on do all other may with a mly Publid and Declare, That chele Unised Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Fast AND INSUPENDENT o be totally dif that they sie firm Reliance on the Protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our facred Henor. Signed by Oppes and in BEHALF of the CoNoREs, JOHN HANCOCK, PRESIDENT. Life before the movement ➤ Abolishment of slavery after the Civil War ➤ Discrimination and racism especially in the South Black people are disadvantaged by segregation and poorer education Many blacks could not find work ➤ They had to live separately from whites struggle for social justice during the 1950s to gain equal rights under the law in the United States IAM SELECTIO Extr CIVIL RIGHTS NOW ▶ They, along with many white Americans, mobilized and began an unprecedented fight for equality that spanned two decades. IS THE MICHO OR MISSIS Types of segregation De jure segregation ➤ Segregation by law common in the South Laws forbid African Americans from attending the same church, using the same swimming pool, eating in restaurants or marrying white people De facto segregation Segregation without laws common in the North Housing discrimination Non-Whites weren't allowed in white neigbourhoods Faced discrimination in employment 1960s:Most urban African Americans live in slums; landlords ignore ordinances; African American unemployment twice as high as white; Police brutality. How did change happen? Anti-discrimination organizations: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored people NAACP was founded in 1909 by American citizens "to achieve, through peaceful and lawful means, equal citizenship rights for all" >The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee SNCC ➤The National Urban League NUL SNCC CORE Congress of Racial Equality CORE Congress of Racial Equality ► SCLC Southern Christian Leadership 11 National Urban League FOR ASSOCIATION THE TO NAACP FOUNDED 1909 RN ADVANCEMENT SOUTHER CHRISTIAN OF COLORED LEADERSHIP Rosa Parks as the mother of freedom movements Montgomery Bus Boycott ➤ An Alabama law said that African Americans had to sit at the back of the bus. Rosa Parks boarded a public bus in Montgomery on Dec. 1. 1955, she sat behind reserved seat in the front. ➤ Bus driver told her to move when a white man was standing, but she was arrested for refusing to stand. ➤ She had to pay a fine of 14$. Martin Luther King decided to get involved, he believed in peaceful, non-violent protests. ➤ He told African-Americans to stop riding the bus. Walking for Justice, for 381 days, African Americans refused to ride the buses in Montgomery. ➤ Finally in 1956, the Supreme Court declared segregation on public transportation unconstitutional. Sit-ins EURS WEATER TO WHITE TRADE ON Y form of protest where protesters would sit down at segregated lunch counters and refuse to leave until they were served In 1960 four freshmen from North Carolina strolled into a store and quietly sat down at the lunch counter They were not served but they stayed until closing time ► Two weeks later similar demonstrations in several cities, within a year similar peaceful demonstrations took place in over a hundred cities in North and South a new way to protest segregation of public facilities Martin Luther King Jr. ➤ Born on the 15.January 1929 in Atlanta ➤ Died on the 4. April 1968 in Memphis Martin Luther King Jr. decided to fight for equality and justice for all Americans of all colors He wanted to bring social change in a peaceful way He held his most important speech „I have a dream" at the March on Washington ➤ Luther became not only the symbolic leader of American blacks but also a world figure The March on Washington on August 28. 1963 ➤250.000 Americans came to Washington D.C for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom ➤ People came to have their voices heard and listen to speeches by many civil rights leaders, especially Martin Luther King, Jr The march ended with King's "I have a dream" speech One of the most important speeches in history ➤ It gave hope to many African-Americans around the nation https://youtu.be/vP4iY1TtS3s The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed into law on July 2, 1964 by President Lyndon Johnson Prohibition of discrimination in public places ► Desegregations of schools Outlawed discrimination in employment Established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC THE EVANSVILLE' COURIER COLORED 119TH YEAR NO. 154 EVANSVILLE IND, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY & 1964 esident Signs Civil Rights Bill Passage $3,000 CONTESTED Cache Full of Cash Gets Varied All Americans Urged To Help Curb Injustice Creates Controversy Reactions Pride an vigad Adania pe of the el rights beght g 1.Pe art in the e from mad right 400 She We frems The & the day nigh and the NEDY Greeting ter Fired An over for Final Home Edition 4 PAGES ARVEN COINTS Ⓒ11.09 THE GUSUNGLOVE PIST. BY TRIBUNE MEDIA SEPOVICES 2 DO POLLING PLACE DID YOU HAVE TO WAIT LONG? ONLY A FEW HUNDRED YEARS The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Spurred by actions of protesters and the President, Congress passed the Act Secured the right to vote for racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South By 1975 Congress extended to Hispanics NTL both LET MY PEOPLE VOTE ARCH Black participation jumped from 7% in 1964 to 70% in 1986 VOTE VOTE POLL MATER VOTING RIGHTS NOW! NOWA VOTE WE MARCH FOR JOES FOR A DECENT WE MARCH FOR VOTING J WE MARCH RIGHTS H NOW! WAS FOR ALL ECENT PAY The Fair Housing Act of 1968 ➤Provided equal housing opportunities ➤Prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of most housing Strengthened anti-lynching laws ➤Made it a crime to harm civil rights workers MAKE THIS NEIGHBORHOOD MIXED INCOME FULL EQUALITY IN FREEDOM USING EQUAL HOUSING REEDOM TOO- OPREACHERS AND NAACP QUAL L LOUSING GYAL PEICHERE TOO0- Civil Rights Victories Eliminated de facto or de jure segregation ➤Knocked down barriers of voting and political participation for African Americans Increase in the number of African American high school graduates ➤Fair Housing Act ➤Poverty rates fell The es HIGH COURT BANS SEGREGATION IN RLIC SCHOOLS Appointment of Thurgood Marshall as the first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967 2542298222220 1000 "THE BEAUTY of ANTIRACISM IS THAT You DON'T HAVE TO PRETEND TO BE FREE of RACISM TO BE AN ANTI-RACIST. ANTIRACISM IS THE COMMITMENT TO FIGHT RACISM WHEREVER you FIND IT, INCLUDING IN YOURSELF. AND IT'S THE ONLY WAY FORWARD." IJEOMA OLUO SOURCES https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil rights movement ➤ https://www.history.com/topics/civil-rights-movement/civil-rights-movement-timeline https://www.britannica.com/event/American-civil-rights-movement https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/civil-rights-movement http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1917beyond/essays/crm.htm ➤ https://www.schule-bw.de/faecher-und-schularten/sprachen-und-literatur/englisch/unterrichtsmaterialien-nach-kompetenzen/interkulturelle- ➤ kommunikative-kompetenz/civrights https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/history/info-2018/civil-rights-events-fd.html https://www.biography.com/people/groups/civil-rights-activists https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/civil-rights-movement http://www.pbs.org/black-culture/explore/civil-rights-movement/ ➤ https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/BAIC/Historical-Essays/Keeping-the-Faith/Civil-Rights-Movement/ https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zcpcwmn/revision/1 https://www.loc.gov/collections/civil-rights-history-project/articles-and-essays/youth-in-the-civil-rights-movement/ ➤ https://www.ducksters.com/history/civil rights/african-american civil rights movement.php ➤ https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-human-rights/champions/martin-luther-king-jr.html