The DNA structure and protein biosynthesis process explained through molecular mechanisms and key components. The document covers DNA replication, transcription, and translation, highlighting the fundamental processes of genetic information flow in cells.
• DNA structure features the double helix model with phosphate-sugar backbone and complementary base pairs
• Semiconservative replication ensures accurate DNA copying during cell division
• Protein biosynthesis involves transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation at ribosomes
• Translation process utilizes tRNA molecules to convert genetic code into amino acid sequences
• Protein structure develops from primary to quaternary levels through various chemical bonds