Amino acids form the fundamental building blocks of proteins and are essential for numerous biological functions. These organic compounds contain both amino and carboxyl groups, with 20 proteinogenic amino acids known to science, of which 8 are essential for humans.
Key points:
- Amino acids occur naturally in the body, contributing to protein formation, energy production, muscle development, and immune system regulation
- They are classified into polar and non-polar groups based on their side chains, affecting their solubility and chemical properties
- The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids is crucial for protein synthesis
- Essential amino acids must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them
- Amino acids exist as zwitterions at their isoelectric point, having both positive and negative charges
