Birling's Social Status and Attitude Towards Others

Arthur Birling's character is deeply rooted in his social status and the privileges it affords him. He frequently emphasizes his connections and influence to assert his authority and intimidate others.

Quote: "We employers at last are coming together to see that your interests - and the interests of Capital - are properly protected."

This statement reveals Birling's alignment with capitalist interests and his view of society as a hierarchy where the wealthy protect their own interests. His mention of being an "alderman for years" and "Lord mayor two years ago" before the Inspector can discuss Eva Smith demonstrates his attempt to establish dominance through social status.

Birling's attitude towards those of lower social standing is characterized by indifference and a lack of empathy. He dismisses the concerns of his workers, refusing to increase their wages and firing Eva Smith for participating in a strike. This action sets in motion the chain of events that leads to the play's central conflict.

Highlight: Birling's refusal to accept responsibility for his actions towards Eva Smith showcases his moral failings and the play's critique of unchecked capitalism.

Birling's Response to the Inspector

As the Inspector's investigation unfolds, Birling's character is further revealed through his reactions. He consistently prioritizes his reputation and business interests over moral considerations.

Quote: "I can't accept any responsibility" for Eva Smith's fate.

This denial of responsibility is a key aspect of Birling's character and a central theme of the play. His attempts to intimidate the Inspector and deflect blame demonstrate his fear of consequences and his inability to confront his own moral failings.

Vocabulary: Alderman - a member of a city council or municipal legislative body

Birling's character serves as a representation of the older generation's resistance to social change and their adherence to outdated values. His interactions with the Inspector and his family members highlight the generational and ideological conflicts at the heart of the play.

What effect does the inspector have on the Birlings? The Inspector's questioning forces the Birlings, especially Arthur, to confront their actions and the consequences of their choices, challenging their complacent worldview and sense of moral superiority.

Arthur Birling's Character Introduction

J.B. Priestley introduces Arthur Birling as a central figure in "An Inspector Calls", setting the stage for an exploration of social responsibility and class dynamics. Birling is portrayed as a wealthy industrialist living in a large suburban house in Brumley, England, with his family.

Highlight: Arthur Birling is described as a "Heavy-looking, rather portentous man in his middle fifties with fairly easy manners but rather provincial in his speech".

This description immediately establishes Birling's imposing presence and hints at his provincial mindset, which becomes crucial to understanding his character throughout the play.

Birling's family consists of his wife Sybil, daughter Sheila, and son Eric. As the owner of a factory, he represents the capitalist class of the early 20th century. His aspirations for social climbing are evident in his enthusiasm for Sheila's engagement to Gerald Croft, seeing it as an opportunity for business expansion and increased profits.

Quote: Birling hopes that the marriage will lead to "lower costs and higher prices" for his company.

This statement reveals Birling's prioritization of business interests over personal relationships, a theme that recurs throughout the play.

Birling's Worldview and Attitudes

Arthur Birling's character is defined by his self-confidence and narrow worldview. He considers himself a "hard-headed businessman" who "knows what he's about", demonstrating a strong belief in his own judgment and abilities.

Highlight: Birling's naive optimism about the future and dismissal of potential global conflicts showcase his limited perspective.

His opinions on international affairs are marked by ignorance and prejudice. Birling makes racist remarks about "half-civilised folks in the Balkans" and dismisses Russia as "behindhand naturally". These views reflect the insular and often prejudiced attitudes of the British upper class during this period.

Example: Birling's assertion that the Titanic is unsinkable exemplifies his misplaced confidence in technological progress and societal stability.

This dramatic irony serves to undermine Birling's credibility and foreshadow the challenges to his worldview that will come later in the play.