Lernzettel Globalization

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nations' languages, traditions, ways of life, values and beliefs →westernisation · developed countries are tempted to use their economic and political power to intervene in other countries' affairs. →interventions can cause a divide or even war global consumption, travel and transport, limited resources are disappearing · rapid economic growth →unsustainable lifestyle and consumerism · potential "side effects" of increased migration: - illegal immigration - people - smuggling - bad treatment of immigrant minorities. political interests, financial power and subsidisation contribute => unfair distribution of wealth and power →global players (financial disasters) • global competition for cheap materials •horrendous working conditions • use of child labour → outsourcing, offshoring ·less secure in the global network data can be tracked, observed, predicted and controlled all our behaviour and movement are tracked personal data · very difficult to find out which information is important flood of information eras individal shaping (Globalization 3.0) ·since 2000 from small to tiny new found power: individuals more driven western countries, companies & explorers diverse - non- western, non-white-group of individuals plug in and play. lobalization Eras of globalization Disadvantages of multinationals to the country · Numbers employed small in comparison to investment Local labour force usually poorly paid very few local skilled workers employed Most of the profits go overseas (outflow of wea (th) Mechanization reduces the size of the Labour force Advantages of multinationals to the country Brings work to the country and uses local labour · Local workforce receives a guaranteed income ·Brings welcome investment and foreign currency to the country Companies provide expensive machinery and modern technology. Increased national wealth / personal income can lead to an increased Leads to the development of mineral. wealth and new energy resources Improvement of roads, airports and services multinational expansion (Globalization 2.0) from 1800 +0 2000 Great Depression and World Wars I and II multinational companies going global Industrial Revolution. ·global market & global arbitrage Global integration (Globalization 1.0) from 1492 until 1800 Columbus opening trade · Size large to a size medium ·muscle, horse power, wind power and steam power demand for con sumer goods and the growth of new industries Prestige value widens economic base of country Some improvement in standards of production, health control, and recently in environmental control National wealth grows less quickly than of the parent company's headquarters, widening the gap between developed and developing countries Minerals are usually exported rather than manufactured and energy casts may lead to a national dept Money possibly better spend on improving housing, diet and sanitation Big Schemes can can increas national dept Decisions are made outside the country, and the firm could pull out any time Insufficient attention to safety and health factors and the protection of the environment. Developing countries ·low average income per head • a lot of people work on the land, and many grow their own food often only one or two main cash crops are grown instead of a wide variety; this makes the countries very vulnerable to price swings and dependent on importing countries many people are unable to find work, urbanization; rural areas often provide jobs only during curtain seasons not enough doctors and medical services growing population poor roads and communication (infrastructure) not enough schools and technical colleges, many people are unable to read or write dependence on richer nations. LETTER TO THE EDITOR This is the type of letter you write to business, government offices or companies, or also to the editor of a newspaper to express your opinion about an article. The style is formal, factual and respectful, even if you are complaining about some thing. The introduction: ·starts with an introductory paragraph: Adress "Sir" or "Madam" or when the editor is unknown "Sir/Madam The letter is adressed to the editor of the newspaper not to the author Titel of the article Date of the publication Summary of the article's message in one sentence Reason of writing this letter EXAMPLE: Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you in response to the article In the article the journalist outlines... In the following letter I would like to discuss... The main part Give relevant arguments that support your opinion Support your arguments by using. facts and figures examples experts quotes Refer directly to the article you are commenting on ·Use abstract vocabulary to bring your message across emphatic or emotional language rhetorical devices like metaphors use a polite Use paragraphs to get a good structure into your letter in year The conclusion: End the letter with a strong statement that sums up your opinion write a short summary of your letter Give an outlook into the future Please feel free to to contact me if you have any questions. I am looking forward to meeting / hearing from you soon The address of the editor you are writing to The letters topic Agree or disagree with the articles message Give a solution or a compromise Ishow futural problems. or chances Finish a Sir letter with yours sincerely and sign it and type your full name EXAMPLE: Dear Sir or Madam Yours sincerely Full name Introduction Main part Conclusion your address You will sometimes be asked to analyse the composition or structure of a text the content of the text in short form, as in a summary, but 1. beginning with 'the author'.... 2. keeping stricly to the order of the ideas in the text, and 3 using such expressions as first, then, at the beginning, in the second part, in his conclusion etc LINE OF ARGUMENT Structure: Thus, in that kind of abstract [= the reduction of a longer text] the Structure of the text is summarised along with the message - which means that the stand-point is utterly different from that of a usual The The Summary The author passes from A to B In the (...) paragraph, the author best way to deal with such a question is to render the text divides into / can be subdivided into / falls into (...) paragraphs/parts / sections / senge units. At the beginning of the text/article/ his leader / speech, the author/writer / journalist / speaker says / writes/outlines / presents/ introduces... In the introductory paragraph/part/ section the topic / theme are introduced/presented / stated (outlined. The opening/middle /closing / concluding /final part is devoted to / is given over to /exa mines / deals with data about / evidence on /in for mation about/stati stics about... by a sutle /an abrubt transition. evades the subject / digresses from the main issue / varies the theme / changes the topic by alluding to / hinting at / mentioning... He goes into/ refrains from going into Igives detailed details / particulars /information about .... Developing / Presenting his argument (s) (idea(s) / Line of reasoning / theme /topic/ train of thought the author / writer argues/ asserts/claims/ points out / stresses / emphasises that.. He then supports his argument (s) by a quotation/ an example/ a comparison / a contrast. The author distinguishes / differentiates between A and B or makes/drawes a distinction / comparison between A and B. The (...) paragraph forms a l offers a slight /strong /striking contrast to the first section/ with the first part The author plays of ideas/ balances sentences /paragraphs against. each other. He draws / comes to the conclusion that... In conclusion / In the final part / section / paragraphs the author/writer summarises / sums up.... The opening and final paragraphs form a frame for the entire text.....