Alliteration
Alliteration refers to the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of neighboring or closely connected words. An example of alliteration is "for the greater good of," which draws attention to the targeted words.
Anaphora
Anaphora involves the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences. An example of anaphora is "every child, every citizen," which establishes meaning and excites emotions through repetition.
Antithesis
Antithesis involves the use of contrasting concepts, words, or sentences within parallel grammatical structures. An example of antithesis is "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind," which establishes a contrast to emphasize the key message.
Allusion
Allusion is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, or work of art. An example of allusion is "the software included a trojan horse," which makes it easier for the reader to understand the context.
Hyperbole
Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration for emphasis or effect. An example of hyperbole is "I was so hungry, I could eat an elephant," which emphasizes humor, importance, or drama.
Hypophora
Hypophora involves asking a question and immediately answering it. An example of hypophora is "why is it better to love than be loved? - it is surer," which encourages the reader to think about it and introduces the author's opinion.
Metaphor
Metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. An example of metaphor is "truths are first clouds, then rain, then harvest and food," which uses metaphor to convey a deeper meaning.
Parenthesis
Parenthesis involves interrupting the flow of a sentence with additional information. An example of parenthesis is "we (myself, Caroline) boarded our boat," which provides a break for the reader and adds more information.
Personification
Personification gives human characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract ideas. An example of personification is "the flowers nodded their heads," which brings the flowers to life by giving them human-like qualities.
Repetition
Repetition involves the use of the same words or phrases to make an idea clearer and more memorable. An example of repetition is "down, down, down," which emphasizes the direction or intensity of something.
- Being superficial, generalization, stereotypes
- Rhetorical question
- Comparison
- Irony
- Providing lots of examples
- Relying on an expert or authority
- Presenting statistics and further data
- Using quotes by an expert
- Showing similarities or differences to something
- Talking about one's own experiences or biography
Narrator
- First-person narrator: a character in the story who refers to himself as "I"
- Third-person narrator: a character or observer who is not a part of the story but provides a limited or unlimited point of view
- Third-person omniscient narrator: a character who is not a part of the story but has an unlimited point of view and knows more than the characters
Narrative Techniques
- Interior monologue
- Free indirect discourse
- Scenic presentation (showing) vs. panoramic presentation (telling)
- Foreshadowing
- Flashback
Introduction
- Introduce yourself
- State the topic of your speech
- Grab your audience's attention and give an overview of what they can expect from your speech
Main Body
- Present your arguments with examples and detailed examination of 3-4 key points
Conclusion
- Summarize the content of your speech
- Make a final statement on the matter
- Begin with a salutation ("Dear Sir or Madam," "To Whom It May Concern")
- Clearly state the subject of the email
- End with a closing ("Yours sincerely," "Kind regards")
Narrative Perspective
- Narrator: first-person, third-person
- Point of view: limited, unlimited
- Mode of presentation: panoramic presentation, showing or telling the events
At every level of English language education, from secondary school (Sekundarstufe 1) to Abitur, students are expected to have a good understanding of stylistic devices and communicative strategies. These concepts form a fundamental part of assess operators and anforderungsbereiche in English, where students are required to point out the use of operatoren englisch beispiele and operatoren englisch erklärung in different types of texts, from narrative to argumentative. Additionally, teaching the use of sprachliche mittel: beispiele and stilmittel deutsch is crucial for students to recognize and analyze the use of rhetorical devices and stylistic elements in literary works, such as novels, poems, or plays. In the field of communication, understanding kommunikative strategien englisch and kommunikative strategien pädagogik is essential for students to effectively and persuasively express their ideas and opinions in both spoken and written English.
