General Facts and History of Nigeria
Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation and largest economy, is a country of immense diversity and complexity. The capital is Abuja, while Lagos stands as its largest city. As a former British colony, Nigeria gained independence in 1960 and is now part of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Highlight: Nigeria boasts over 250 ethnic groups and languages, with English serving as the official language.
The country's society is primarily divided among three major ethnic groups:
- Hausa-Fulani in the northern region predominantlyMuslim
- Yoruba in the southwest
- Igbo in the southeast predominantlyChristian
Definition: Post colonial Nigeria refers to the period after 1960 when the country gained independence from British rule.
Nigeria's history can be divided into three main periods:
- Pre-colonialism: Marked by the slave trade until its abolition in 1807.
- Colonialism: Nigeria became a British protectorate in 1901 and a colony in 1914.
- Post-colonialism: Independence in 1960, followed by periods of military rule and civil unrest.
Example: The Biafra War 1967−1970 was a significant civil conflict that highlighted ethnic tensions in the newly independent nation.
Despite its vast natural resources and economic potential, Nigeria faces significant challenges. The country struggles with a wide gap between rich and poor, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of comprehensive social welfare systems.
Quote: "Nigeria is one of the wealthiest and poorest African nations."
This paradox reflects the complex political economy of Nigeria, where abundant resources have not translated into widespread prosperity for its citizens.
