Alternativer Bildtext:

a republic. 1963: Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment. 1989: Botha (ehemaliger Premierminister von Südafrika) was forced from office. He was replaced by Willem de Klerk who in 1990 pledged to end apartheid. He also released Nelson Mandela. De Klerk introduced a new constitution with rights for all. April 1994: The first democratic elections were held May 1994: Nelson Mandela was elected president. (He retired in 1999) *From the start black people were very much second-class citizens in South Africa. Most lived in tribal reserves and laws prevented them owning land outside certain areas. Most blacks were not allowed to vote. Nelson Mandela: anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader *1918-† 2013 joined the ANC in 1943 after the establishment of the apartheid he and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow was arrested and imprisoned in 1962 for conspiring to overthrow the state served 27 years in prison, split between several prisons got released in 1990 the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election Apartheid: system of institutionalised racial segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 until the early 1990s ❖ characterized by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (= white supremacy) → ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially, and economically by the nation's minority white population Amy Biehl: was an American graduate of Stanford University and an Anti-Apartheid activist in South Africa was murdered by Cape Town residents in a mob In 1998, all four men convicted of her murder were pardoned, when they stated that their actions had been politically motivated ❖ Biehl's family knew about the circumstances in South Africa and therefore supported the release of the men and even hired them afterwords