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and persuasive writings are also rich with epiphora examples. Metaphor A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in drowning in money) It makes a comparison between two unlike things. ... In this metaphor, Juliet is compared to the sun. In fact, this figure of speech claims that Juliet is the sun. Of course, the reader understands that Romeo does not believe that Juliet is literally the sun. Metonymy Metonymy is a figure of speech in which one object or idea takes the place of another with which it has a close association. In fact, metonymy means "change of name." As a literary device, it is a way of replacing an object or idea with something related to it instead of stating what is actually meant. Metonymy enables writers to express a word or thought in a different way by using a closely related word or thought. Therefore, this is a method for writers to vary their expression and produce an effect for the reader. Parallelism Parallelism is often referred to as one of the basic principles of grammar and rhetoric, and you'll see its use throughout literature. Parallelism has slightly different meanings, depending on the context, but it's about balancing the weight or structure of ideas and phrases. In rhetoric, parallelism means balancing two or more ideas or arguments that are equally important. In grammar, it means using phrasing that is grammatically similar or identical in structure, sound, meaning, or meter. As you can see from literary examples, this technique adds symmetry, effectiveness, and balance to the written piece. Quotation a phrase or short piece of writing taken from a longer work of literature, poetry, etc.