Themes and Literary Devices

The primary themes in "A&P" include:

1. Individualism vs. conformity
2. Coming of age and loss of innocence
3. The power of choice and its consequences
4. Social class and consumerism

Updike employs various literary devices to enhance the story's impact:

1. Symbolism: The A&P store symbolizes societal norms and expectations.
2. Imagery: Vivid descriptions of the characters and setting create a strong visual experience for the reader.
3. Irony: Sammy's act of rebellion goes unnoticed by those he intended to impress.
4. Metaphor: The girls' bathing suits represent freedom and nonconformity.

Definition: Symbolism - The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities in literature.

The author's choice of words and tone contribute to the story's overall mood, blending humor with social commentary. Updike's precise and evocative language brings the characters and setting to life, allowing readers to fully immerse themselves in Sammy's world.

Character Analysis

Sammy, the protagonist of "A&P", is portrayed as a complex and dynamic character. At 19 years old, he exhibits a mix of cynicism and romanticism, often making sarcastic observations about the customers and his coworkers. His keen eye for detail is evident in his descriptions of the three girls who enter the store in bathing suits, particularly "Queenie," the leader of the group.

Example: Sammy's description of Queenie: "She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can with those two crescents of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit, at the top of the backs of her legs."

Other significant characters include:

1. Stokesie: Sammy's 22-year-old married coworker with two children, who represents a possible future for Sammy if he remains in his current job.
2. Lengel: The store manager who confronts the girls about their attire, embodying the conservative values and social norms of the time.
3. The three girls: Queenie (the leader), "Plaid" (the chunky one), and "Big Tall Goony-Goony" (the tall one), who serve as catalysts for Sammy's act of rebellion.

These characters interact to create tension and drive the narrative forward, ultimately leading to Sammy's impulsive decision to quit his job.