Parliament and the Monarch
The British Parliament is at the heart of the UK's political system, serving as the highest authority in the country. It consists of two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords, along with the monarch. All three elements must agree to pass legislation, emphasizing the system of checks and balances.
The House of Commons, with its 650 Members of Parliament (MPs), is the primary legislative body. Each MP represents a constituency in the UK, elected through a first-past-the-post system. Elections are held at least every five years, called by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Definition: Constituency - An electoral district represented by a Member of Parliament in the UK political system.
The House of Lords, currently with about 700 members, plays a role in introducing new laws, examining bills, and investigating European matters. However, its power is limited compared to the Commons, as it can only delay bills for up to a year.
The monarch, while part of Parliament, primarily serves a ceremonial role. They represent the UK and its traditions, giving royal assent to bills passed by Parliament. This structure reflects the UK's unwritten constitution, which consists of laws and conventions that have evolved over time.
Example: The UK government system is often depicted as a triangle of power, with Parliament (legislative), Government (executive), and the Supreme Court (judiciary) forming the three corners, each with distinct roles in maintaining the rule of law and democratic governance.