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actually illegal immigrants possible language / communication barriers fear of losing own culture sense of not fully belonging anywher 2nd generation children have extreme pressure to succeed for their immigrant parents severe gaps between social classes DEFINITION •"Britishness / British Identity" means the shared identity of the United Kingdom each nation (England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland) has it's own unique identity more political than cultural because of the multiculturalism •struggles to be defined 2 POLITICAL SYSTEM SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT The Judiciary The UK Courts of Law • 12 professional judges it upholds the law • it represents the rule of law .it designs, amends and approves bills¹ 60000 GOOOO SUPREME COURT 00000 The appointed Legislature The House of Lords • approx. 760 members (life peers, Anglican bishops, 92 hereditary peers) • life peers can be recommended by the prime minister, leaders of opposition parties or a commission and are appointed by the crown it represents the unwritten Constitution The elected Legislature The House of Commons . MPs are elected from 650 constituencies (in first-past-the-post CONSTITUTION appoints justices appoints life peers government ist based on in British history: a The Crown The Monarch • ceremonial head of state/ represents UK internationally • upholds traditions gives Royal Assent² to Acts of Parliament³ electoral system every five years) the party with the most MPs forms the government . it designs, amends and approves bills . it represents the will of the people THE LABOUR PARTY founded: 1900 position: centre left values: democratic socialist appoints can prime minister The Executive The Government • the leader of the party with most MPs in the Commons becomes prime minister (head of the government) programm: support of the working class. supports multicultu - ralism, critizises brexit dissolve • the prime minister appoints approx. 20 ministers/ heads of government departments to the cabinet ● it puts forward laws and runs the government • it represents the will of the majority has a monarchy, but is also the oldest democracy in the world never had a written constitution elects The Electorate (all men and women over the age of 18) number of documents that are linked to important events The Magna Carta (Great Charter (1215) ↳ Limits the monarch's power and protects rule of law The Bill of Rights (1689) ↳ limits the manarch's power, reinforces the rights of the parliament, civil rights sche scha Lovo position: centre right values: conservative minim THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY founded: 1834 brexit programm: little state inference, free market capitalism, critizises multiculturalism, supports 3 MONARCHY GENERAL FACTS • oldest form of government costitutional monarchy reigns, but does not ruel" must follow power, ✓ limited . را today: Queen Elisabeth II (since 1952) of House Windsor . constitution, parliamentary system reigns over the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations pro monarchy big part of British identity · 68% of the British want the monarchy . great for charity attracts tourists → would ruin lots of traditions a costs only few cents unites the UK per gives stability role models SHOULD THE MONARCHY BE ABOLISHED? brings money in 2016 UK votes Brexit over a pro tax has no real political power anyways neutral head of state payes Long time 2017 negotiations begin . ROLE OF THE MONARCH commander of the armed forces head of state, executive and (temporally) Church of England has to act on advice of Ministers chooses Prime Minister appoints members of the Cabinet, House of Lords and judges signs Acts of Parliament which makes them law represents the country BREXIT • British exit from the EU caused by a referendum 2016 (52% won) • highly controversial Coverall England & Wales pro, Scotland & Northern Ireland against) was a EU member from 1973 to 2020 REASONS political: immigration control economical: free trade, EU membership costs 350 million per week per identity: independence, self-determination TIMELINE against monarchy expensive lifestyle • not really democratic • state and church are tied together outdated concept gets to choose multiple important positions no guarantee for a good monarch but can't be held accountable tourists would come either way CONSEQUENCES ·less stability & safety prices rise . travel/migration way more less influence on the world 2018 2019 EU and UK Britain starts leaving agree on transition phase (trasition period) complicated 2020 transition period ends, Brexit is done HISTORY BRITISH EMPIRE - COLONIZATION exists from the 16th to the 20th century • Britain colonizes about a . . . . quarter of the world's land, ruled over 400 million on which the sun never sets" L"the empire defeated other nations due to their great fleet and technical advance trade of goods and slaves all over the world (esp. East India Company) exploitation of natural recources forced spread of Christianity L"civilization of the savage they mapped Africa slavery was abolished in the early 19th century downfall came slowly in the early 20th century multiple independence wars in different colonies COMMONWEALTH - DECOLONIZATION officially founded 1931 voluntary association of 53 countries ↳ former colonies of the British Empire each member country has it's own government British monarch is everyone's head of state close cooperation in government and economy based on shared history and values 2,4 billion citizens MAPS The British Empire at it's peak The Commonweath of Nations today world" 5