Alternativer Bildtext:

the Mayflower -colonists create one society and work together to advance it -loyalty to King James despite their need for self-governance -colonists would create and enact "laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices..." for the Declaration of Independence -written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 -declared the colonists' independence from England/GB (war started) -asserted the concept of inalienable rights -"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" -> the pursuit of happiness: no limitation in fulfilling your dream, free choice of religion and career, to become rich/ to own a house/farm etc.(opportunity for nearly every American) -refers to the American Dream -"all men are created equal”-> principle of equality does not include blacks (and women at the beginning) The Bill of Rights -The first ten amendments became a permanent addition to the Constitution in 1791 and are known as the Bill of Rights. They describe the basic rights of the people and forbids the government from denying these liberties. Amendment Content 1st Amendment 2nd Amendment 3rd Amendment 4th Amendment 5th Amendment 6th Amendment 7th Amendment 8th Amendment 9th Amendment 10th Amendment Group 1: Rights of the individuals / liberties freedom of speech / religion / the press / to assembly / petition right to militia / right to keep and bear arms protection from quartering troops protection of individuals from unreasonable search Group 2: Legal rights due to progress of law interdicting of double jeopardy; protection of private property rights to speedy and public trial right to a civil trivial by jury prohibition of excessive bail and cruel or unusual punishment Other rights may exist alongside the ones explicitly mentioned in the Constitution and even Federalism: divided power between federal and state law Party Program Political trend Voters Democratic Party no special ideogical programs but cover a wide range more liberal: promotes social welfare, more taxation of the rich, tougher environment laws, less international interferences, etc. Republican Party supported by working class people, minority groups, academics, unions, especially in big cities of interests more conservative: believes in private enterprise, military strength, a hard line on crime, minimal state intervention, etc. supported by the wealthy, the middle class, big business, farmers, etc mainly from the Northeast, Midwest, Rocky Mountain states and suburbs, people living on the land and South States The Civil Rights Movement -The Civil Rights Movement was an organized effort by black Americans to end racial segregation, discrimination and racism that took place in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s Landmarks of American history -The protesters seemed after justice and equality. -The most non-violent protests led by Malcom X and Martin Luther King. People who were seen as representative figures surrounding the Civil Rights Movement were Rosa Parks, the Little Rock Nine and many more -Malcom X:violent protests, goal: independent state for Blacks only (goal of Nation of Islam) Life before the start of the Civil Rights movement Jim Crow Laws and Segregation -Black Codes-> limited the rights of black people -The Jim Crow Laws divided society in the Southern United States into black and white->racial segregation in all public facilities (busses/sinks for whites/blacks only) -from the Post Civil War Era(1877) until 1968 -institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages and second class citizenship for most African Americans -The Laws were clearly a violation of the Civil Rights, but the Supreme Court ruled them as constitutional in the South -Slogan: "Separate but Equal"->seldomly ever equal; making African Americans inferior to whites -"Jim Crow" was the popular figure of a blackface show used to dehumanize black people on TV -Ku-Klux-Klan-> racist, extreme and violent, especially towards African Americans (Lynch mobs) COLORED WHITE Landmarks of the Civil Rights Movement -1909: African-Americans founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -1954: Supreme Court declares the racial segregation of schools to be unconstitutional up -1955: Rosa Parks (NAACP member) refuses to give her seat in a bus for a white person->gets arrested ->Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King -1956: Supreme Court declares the racial segregation of busses to be unconstitutional September 4: "Little Nine Rock" - Nine black students were sent to Central High School in Arkansas in all white schools and were harassed so badly that they needed federal troops for protection -1957: Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act in order to protect voters rights. -1963: March on Washington; 250.000-300.000 people march to the Capitol in Washington D.C. to demonstrate peacefully for jobs, freedom & an end to racial segregation; "I have a dream" speech by Martin Luther King =>Forced by the public to take action, the government passed laws to stop racial segregation/discrimination -1964: Civil Rights Act banned discrimination based on race, color, religion or national origin -1965: Voting Rights Act restored and protected voting rights for every US citizen -1968: Martin Luther King gets assassinated -1968: President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act, which provided equal housing opportunities regardless of one's race, religion or national origin