Amino Acid Titration Curve

The document presents a titration curve for glycine, illustrating how the ionic state of an amino acid changes with pH.

Key points of the titration curve:

1. At low pH, glycine exists predominantly as a cation (positively charged ion).
2. As pH increases, there's a point where cations and zwitterions are present in equal amounts, exhibiting strong buffering capacity.
3. At the isoelectric point (pI), glycine exists entirely as zwitterions.
4. Further increase in pH leads to a mixture of zwitterions and anions, again with strong buffering capacity.
5. At high pH, glycine exists predominantly as an anion (negatively charged ion).

Definition: Buffering capacity refers to the ability of a solution to resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

This titration curve is essential for understanding how amino acids behave in different pH environments, which is crucial for various biochemical processes and laboratory techniques.

Highlight: The isoelectric point (pI) for glycine is shown to be around pH 6, which is characteristic for this amino acid.

Understanding titration curves is vital for predicting amino acid behavior in different physiological conditions and for designing experiments involving proteins.

Peptide Bond Formation

The formation of peptide bonds through condensation reactions is explained in detail, demonstrating how Proteine Funktion begins at the molecular level.

Definition: A peptide bond is formed through condensation reaction between two amino acids, releasing a water molecule.

Vocabulary: N-terminal end - The end of a peptide chain with a free amino group C-terminal end - The end with a free carboxyl group

Highlight: Peptide bonds are highly stable, allowing for the formation of long protein chains.