Electrophilic Addition Mechanism
The page discusses the elektrophile Addition Mechanismus (electrophilic addition mechanism), a crucial concept in organic chemistry. This process involves the reaction between an electrophile and an unsaturated hydrocarbon, typically an alkene or alkyne.
The mechanism is illustrated using the example of a bromine molecule (Br₂) reacting with an alkene. The process begins with the approach of the bromine molecule to the electron-rich double bond of the alkene. This interaction leads to the formation of a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Vocabulary: Bromonium ion - A cyclic, positively charged intermediate formed during the electrophilic addition of bromine to an alkene.
The mechanism then proceeds with the nucleophilic attack of the bromide ion on the backside of the bromonium ion, resulting in the final product formation.
Highlight: The electrophilic addition mechanism typically occurs in two steps: the initial electrophilic attack followed by a nucleophilic backside attack.
The page also touches on the concept of chirality in the products of electrophilic addition reactions. When the addition occurs at a carbon atom with two different substituents, it can lead to the formation of chiral products.
Definition: Chirality - The property of a molecule that makes it non-superimposable on its mirror image, often resulting from the presence of an asymmetric carbon atom.
The diagram illustrates various stages of the reaction, including:
- The initial approach of the reactants
- The formation of the cyclic bromonium ion intermediate
- The nucleophilic attack leading to the final product
Example: In the elektrophile Addition Beispiel shown, a bromine molecule reacts with an alkene to form a dibromoalkane product.
The page concludes by noting that while this mechanism is applicable to larger molecules, smaller alkenes like ethene may behave differently due to their size and structure.
Vocabulary: Ethene - The simplest alkene, also known as ethylene, with the molecular formula C₂H₄.
This comprehensive overview of the elektrophile Addition Mechanismus provides a solid foundation for understanding more complex organic reactions and their stereochemical outcomes.
