Page 2: Isomerism in Carbohydrates

This page delves into the various types of isomerism found in carbohydrates, with particular emphasis on glucose isomers and their chemical properties.

Definition: Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Example: D-Glucose and L-Glucose are enantiomers (mirror images of each other).

Highlight: The Fehling's test can distinguish between aldoses and ketoses based on their oxidation properties.

Page 1: Introduction to Carbohydrates and Monosaccharides

This page introduces the fundamental concepts of carbohydrates and their basic building blocks. The focus is on monosaccharides, particularly glucose and fructose, and their structural representations.

Definition: Monosaccharides are simple sugars that serve as building blocks for larger carbohydrate molecules.

Example: Glucose (grape sugar) and fructose (fruit sugar) are common monosaccharides.

Vocabulary: Fischer projection - a standardized way to represent three-dimensional molecular structures in two dimensions.

Highlight: The distinction between aldoses (containing an aldehyde group) and ketoses (containing a ketone group) is crucial for understanding sugar chemistry.