Writing Effective Arguments and Discussions in English
Writing compelling arguments requires mastering specific structures and techniques. The "hourglass principle" forms the foundation of argumentative writing, where arguments flow from broad to specific and back to broad conclusions.
Definition: The hourglass principle structures arguments by starting broad, narrowing to specific points, then widening again for conclusions - like the shape of an hourglass.
When crafting arguments, begin with an attention-grabbing headline that poses an intriguing question or makes a bold statement. The introduction should reference the topic through interesting facts, statistics, or recent news while presenting both viewpoints. For maximum impact, include background information that helps readers understand the context.
The main body requires careful organization of pro and contra arguments. Start with medium-strength arguments, build to stronger ones, and end with your most compelling point. Each argument should follow a claim-reason-example structure. Support claims with concrete facts, statistics, or real-world examples to establish credibility.
Example: Claim: Social media harms mental health
Reason: Studies show increased depression rates among heavy users
Example: A 2023 study found teens who use social media 3+ hours daily are 50% more likely to report anxiety symptoms