British Empire & Cultural Encounters

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British colony, because of its location in the east and the opportunities for trade. The legacy of the empire huge impact on the entire world (globalisation) english speaking countries: North America and Australia politics: large parts of Africa and Asia are influenced by British systems faith in good christianity in many parts of the world But there are also the negative aspects: People living in countries taken into the empire often lost lands and suffered discrimination and prejudice. The empire ruled over a quarter of the worlds population of British culture influence of British politics included countries oll over the world The extent of the British rufe and its consequences languarge largest colonial empire in history -> Britain was exhausted and bankrupt gradual loss of colonies maritime and commercial supremacy The decline of the empire due to the circumstances after world war 1 and 2 the British empire had to declare a lot of power -> national movements and the desire of independence in the 19th century some parts of the empire became dominions Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations was formed in 1949 to maintain an association between countries that had once been part of the British colonies, but which were considered 'free and equal' Mahatma Gandhi Primary leader of Indians non-violent independence movement against British rule His philosophy of nonviolent resistance had a major impact on the Indian independence movement. Gandhi was instrumental in the formation of the Indian national congress and became one of its most, prominent members. . Short biografic Born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India. his father and grandfather were both Diwas (Prime Minister) the family belonged to the class of merchants ->BANIA- KASTE was respected Was married at the age of 13 Studied law in London. Lawyer in South Africa, where he fought for the rights of the Indian community living there. Returned to India and led the Indian independence movement against British colonial rule. Advocate of nonviolence and civil disobedience inspired by Hindu and Christian ethics. Was arrested and imprisoned several times. Worked for reconciliation between Hindus and Muslims. Was murdered by a fanatical Hindu on January 30, 1948. Mahatma Gandhi was an important political leader and activist in India. Gandhi is often referred to as the Father of the Nation and is considered one of the most significant figures in India's history. He organized numerous protests, demonstrations and strikes to protest British rule and demand Indian independence. He led a nonviolent movement against British rule in India known as the "Satyagraha Movement." His work and involvement helped bring the world's attention to the Indian independence movement and increased pressure on the British Empire. verbal attacks British against Burmese Atmosphere shooting an elephant- cultural encounters soggy in Burma/Myanmar/India Setting police man open tension and hostility during the time of British Imperial Leadership in India initial conflict burmesé poverty (huts) 19th century iving Conditions paddy fields elephant Characters mud oppressed captivity oppression imperialism Topics shooting an elephant from George Orwell authority pride Decisive events narrator finds dead man -> killed by the elephant (rage) narrator sees the elephant grazing peacefully decides to shoot it even if he want not to crisis of conscience support imperialism indirectly Burmese make life and work miserable struggle with he hates the empire that he serves Resulting conflict despotic government violence he is loathed by the Burmese protagonist hates what he is doing sympathizes with the oppressed expectations Droblems they face intimidation helplessness protagonist about/of: the imperialism Imperialism is an ,,evil thing" which turns people bad, he is secretly against the British, thinks of them as oppressors his work is ,,dirty work" views the Raj as „an unbreakable tyranny" The Burmese shooting an elephant- cultural encounters sympathizes with the oppressed Burmese but he hates ,,the evil spirited beasts" who keep him from doing his job The Burmese about: the protagonist they hate everyone British particularly British officials and policemen they show this openly Gut zu wissen: Imperialismus Als Imperialismus bezeichnet man das Bestreben eines Staatswesens bzw. seiner politischen Führung, in anderen Ländern oder bei anderen Völkern politischen und wirtschaftlichen Einfluss zu erlangen, bis hin zu deren Unterwerfung und zur Eingliederung in den eigenen Machtbereich he notices that the elephant killed a person he was told about the damage the elephant caused I the protagonists chancing he sees the peaceful elephant 1 end of the story the crowd want him to shoot it symbol of the elephant represents the effect of colonialism on both the colonizer and the colonized Elephant Empire as a giant killed a men alive shooting an elephant- cultural encounters Arguments for killing the elephant slow death as subordinated & innocent imperial giant, destroying and terrorizing many people died because of it, people are weak against both, no way to fight against the British, out of control empire alive = powerful one small blow has big impact, raided economy slow death of the British: ideals and power, inability to act of the empire at the end of its existence Burmese are subordinated to the empire, Burmese are innocent, people can't live in freedom > he has destroyed property and the Burmese are helpless > elephant killed a man > pressure from the inhabitants > rifle gives him power and authority he is expected shoot > does not want to be laughed at Arguments against kiffing the elephant > elephant is not a wild elephant (currently grazing peacefully) > the protagonist does not have the intention tho shoot > working elephants are expensive > feels like it would be murder to shoot the elephant The way to civilization ? How they are: THE WHITE MAN NATIVE POEPLE COLON- IALISM best ye breed is patient The white man's burden works for natives, selfless many will die trying to help the native (mark them with your dead) will not receive reward/ thanks for his work, but rather blame and hate of the natives must help the natives (dare not stoop to less) should set an example for the natives by they say and do white man's captives fluttered and wild sullen half evil, half child need to be spoken to simply; lessons must be repeated often -> unintelligent will undo the white man's progress because they are lazy and heathen unthankful towards the white man (blame and hate) is an "Exil" for the white man heavy harness for the white man function: to reduce natives' terror and pride savage wars of peace to fight famine, sickness not about an ,,iron rule of kings", but rather tedious, menial Labour (toil of serf and sweeper) white man bulids ports and roads for the natives lack of knowledge and education feeling of superiority barbarism vice cannibalism superstition ignorance civilization? oppresion slavery control, inequality, power brutality cruelty force, violence the poem deals with the imperial consciousness/mentality at that time the poem generally Opfers a representation of European view -> it was the Eurpeans right to colonize - colonialism is never for the benefit of the colonized -> system of violence, control, domination superiority - majority of Bristish people are still proud of the colonialism - colonies were robbed of their native education + were made ashamed of their traditions The British Empire colony: Kolonie protectorate: Schutzgebiete territory: Gebiet sovereignty: Oberhoheit raw material: Rohstoffe overseas settlement: Siedlung in Übersee navel power: Seemacht rule: (Regel) hier -> Herrschaft the (british) Raj: britische Kolonialzeit in Indien (to) reign: herrschen empress: Kaiserin mistreatment: schlechte Behandlung dominions: Herrschaftsgebiet decline: Niedergang/Zerfall rise: Aufstieg legacy: Erbe Vocabulary Shooting an elephant boggy: sumpfig miry: schlammig mahout: Trainer & Hüter eines Elefanten basar: Outdoor Marktplatz, Einkaufsviertel the withe many burden captive sb.: Gefangener fluttered: nervös, unruhig sullen: mürrisch, weil jemand dir gegenüber unfair ist weariness: Erschöpfung to abide: aufrechterhalten threat: eine mögliche Gefahr famine: Hungersnot folly (fml.): Dummheit Mahatma Gandhi independence : Unabhängigkeit resistance: Widerstand non-violent: Gewaltfrei reconciliation : Versöhnung nought: null toil (fml.): Arbeit to reap: ernten bondage: Gefangenschaft serf: Leibeigne ungrudged: ohne Neid to be edged with: umrandet zu werden mit honours: Ehre