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are the "good guys") soldiers who commited the crimes were not punished b. the British Monarchy: Pro economic reason: tourist magnet royal family: role model do lots of charity work traditional institutions monarch unifies the country unifies the Commonwealth representative role monarch could advise the government (politically unbased) 2. American Dream, Imigration in the US: a. the promised land: Con undemocratic institution (hereditary) represent idea of imperialism expensive (tax payers have to pay for it) not all members of the royal family act like role models (scandals) monarch has to much power, which could be abused other people could do charity work b. Manifest Destiny: "a god-given right" outdated, useless institution castles would still be visited by tourists Bible: Canaan, promised by God to Abraham and his descendents a place where one expects to have a better life/ find great happiness "we are the chosen people, we have the right to expand to the west" the Puritans/Pilgrims believed they've been guided by God the Pilgrims identified themselves with ancient Hebrews "a peculiar people, marked and chosen by the finger of God" George Washington: American Joshua who led his people to independence Manifest Destiny is an intangible ideology that created American History explains America's thirst for expansion/justify territorial growth and imperialism the freedom and independence of a seemingly limitless land "nothing will stand in the way of progress, the progress of Manifest Destiny" 1. the virtue of the american people and their institutions 2. the mission to spread these institutions 3. the destiny under God to do this work c. Declaration of Independence: the American Dream the Constitution (1787/1789) - supreme law of the United States ("we the people") guarantees a seperation of power The Bill of Rights (1789) contains ten amendments to the Constitution which describe the basic rights of the people d. the civil rights movement + the civil war (1861-1865) civil rights movement: an organised effort by black Americans to end racial discrimination and gain equal rights under the law civil war fought between the North and the South abolition of slavery e. Immigraton to the US: the U.S. was built by immigrants begin a new life, escape hunger/poverty, political storms in Europe the U.S limits immigrations to 600.000 newcomers a year millions of people live illegally in the U.S. (estimated 12 million people) "the Dreamers": undocumented migrants who came to the U.S as children have lived in the U.S. illegally ever since work often as fruit pickers → earn very low wages difficult to get residency → have to marry they do the jobs Americans don't want to do mostly economic reason causing immiration "melting pot": give up their language & culture, their way of life to become part of a unified monocultural nation "salad bowl": different cultures mix, but remain different (a multicultural and diverse America) f. the American Dream: i. economic dream: of success and prosperity ("from rags to riches") ii. social dream: of equality and opportunity for everybody iii. political dream: of democracy and justice iv. personal dream: of freedom, self-realisation and happiness (individuality) A.D. past: immaterial things/value;: liberty, life, happiness A.D. now: material things/aspects; money, career... opportunity of prosperity and success, upward social mobility → achieved through hard work regardless of circumstances of birth or social class rooted in the Declaration of Independence › “all men are created equal" with the right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness" → statue of liberty: signified new opportunities in life; first view of the U.S (iconic symbol of the A.D.) Example: have a white picket fence, a home, two (2.5) children, a dog, a spouse, a successful/stable career, financial security, owning a piece of land (later passing it down to the children) g. the American Nightmare: huge gap between rich and poor social immobility plight of American workers: low paid jobs, no pensions, no health insurance, no vacations low paid jobs even for college students high student loans middle class in dept the A.D. has shifted to a material dream high unemployment rate the A.D is an idealized picture ("if you work hard, you can achieve your goals") e.g. vietnam war it's not to be realized by everyone (even if they have the ability and qualifications) depends on fortune and education the U.S is not a welfare state no melting pot: Americans favour idea of assimilation negative approach towards immigrants Pro: h. Pro /Con American Dream: gives people hope, strength, motivation optimistic attitude to move along when one has lost everything/failed in life economy gets better, because more people work harder and better many examples (Bill Gates...) self-reliance: the role of the state is minimal 37% of the Americans (still) believe in the A.D. means different things to different people 3. African-American history Con: rare to become rich that easily can turn into a nightmare huge gap between rich and poor danger of poverty limited social mobility (the U.S has an aristocracy of sorts) not much financial help if needed if you're poore, it is seen as your own fault middle class decreases in size high quality schools are very expensive high depts for tuition becomes increasingly harder to reach the A.D. is for rich whites only (?) leads to disaster, climate change and pollution (pursuit of material things) a. Black Panthers: founded 1966 (Huey Newton & Bobby Seale) organization with ideology of black nationalism and socialism important part of the civil rights movement use of violence as a public stance goals: equality in education, housing, employment and civil rights membership that exceeded 2000 people (at ot's peak) inspired many other activists