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statistics/ polls/ research direct speech / address of the listeners 。。。 word / phrase say ge+ D ● pretty often / pretty much ● ● ● · ● ● possible aims / effects to involve the listeners speaker presumes / presupposes that the audience supports his point of view / agrees with him speaker wants to involve his opinion on the aud. to create the illusion of a unity / mutual under- standing to appeal to... the emotions rather than to reason the audience's conscience no room left for doubt or questions. speaker presumes that the audience agrees with him (appeal to general knowledge / common sense) ● ... to involve audience (attention) Stimulate them to think about old beliefs to emphasize / to stress Sth.. to make the audience aware of the extent of the problem to arouse interest to simplify complicated matters by referring everyday / known experiences / phenomena /-non to simplify matters by reducing complexity to imply that an abstract phenomenon can (re)- act as a unit to arouse interest to simplify. to illustrate indirect criticism to be polemic to stress / highlight a fact to back up/ support one's own arguments to eliminate doubt. WORD to make them feel involved to appeal to the audience's conscience S Synonyms claim admit state is are quite often rather avoid kind of / sort of. T S E word / phrase thing things (e.g. the most important things) way much / way too all in all / overall с ● 0 MM E ● N body T • Synonyms values : ideas. ● Hintergrund wissen. hauptsächlich eigene Meinung brainstorming / notes → Pro / contra Tabelle → nummerieren + Begründung 3-5 Argumente/ Beispiele These bilden beliefs Introduction The (political) speech (title)... raises the question/ introduces the problem of... in the following I will / I am now going to comment on the statement that is touched upon in (speaker)'s (political) speech much too far too taking all these analytical aspects into account/ into consideration, one has to admit. in conclusion to summarize. conclusion To sum up. I am of the opinion... To come to a final conclusion ... referring to the view / arguments / example of the speaker….. considering the fact that... another significant point / fact / argument is... you also have to take into consideration that... I am convinced (that)... on the one hand..., on the other hand, In contrast to... I (do not agree with the idea that / of I would like to point out that... Looking at the two sides / taking both sides into consideration, I have to say Aufbau - Einleitung - Hauptteil Kontraargumente > stärkstes > schwächstes Proargumente > schwächstes > stärkstes Schlussteil