The British Empire: A Global Powerhouse
The British Empire was the dominant colonial power in world history, exerting control over vast territories across the globe. This page provides a brief overview of the empire's rise and key milestones in its development.
The empire's growth was closely tied to Britain's economic and industrial expansion. The Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century fueled the need for raw materials and new markets, driving colonial expansion.
Highlight: The British Empire reached its territorial peak in the early 20th century, covering approximately 25% of the world's land surface and ruling over 23% of the world's population.
Key events in the British Empire timeline include:
- 1750: Economic boom and Industrial Revolution begin
- 1789: Independence of the American Colonies
- 1801: Foundation of the Colonial Office in London
- 1807: Britain abolishes the slave trade
- 1858: India is put under direct control of Westminster
- 1876: Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India
Vocabulary: Commonwealth - A voluntary association of independent countries, many of which were former British colonies or dependencies.
The empire facilitated a complex network of trade, with different regions specializing in various commodities. North America provided whale oil, lumber, and furs, while the Caribbean supplied sugar and molasses. Africa contributed ivory and spices, and manufactured goods flowed from Britain to its colonies.
Example: The triangular trade route connected Britain, Africa, and the Americas, with slaves being transported from Africa to the Americas, raw materials from the Americas to Britain, and manufactured goods from Britain to Africa.