Genetic engineering is a powerful scientific field that involves modifying the genetic structure of living organisms. This summary explores key concepts including DNA, in-vitro fertilization, and various types of genetic manipulation techniques. It covers important topics such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), stem cells, and different forms of cloning, highlighting their potential applications and ethical considerations in modern medicine and biotechnology.
• DNA is the carrier of genetic information, structured as a double-stranded helix.
• In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment where eggs are fertilized outside the body.
• Genes, located on chromosomes, control physical development and are passed from parents to offspring.
• PGD is used in IVF to screen embryos for genetic defects before implantation.
• Stem cells, particularly embryonic and adult stem cells, have the potential to develop into various cell types.
• Cloning techniques include therapeutic cloning for disease treatment and reproductive cloning for creating genetically identical organisms.
