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institutions 2002 Great Britain refused the Euro 2014 2019 2021 Great Britain, Ireland, Channel Islands, Hebrides, Orkneys, Shetland, Isle of Man Great Britain Referendum in Scotland on independence was defeated Boris Johnson became Prime Minister Brexit 2 von 18 Q2 Englisch 1.2 The Kingdom unites and disunites? Great Britain England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland were originally independent countries England came to dominate the others and over a period of several hundred years a political union was gradually formed By 1542 Wales had been fully annexed by England • In 1707 the union of England and Scotland took place "Parliament of Great Britain" remained in London • 1535 Ireland was brought under English control, Kingdom of Ireland was founded • In 1801 the union between Ireland and Great Britain came into effect, creating the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" • The Parliament in London set up government offices in Scotland, Wales and Ireland, to grant them more political authority • 1919-21 Irish War of Independence left Ireland divided, leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom • 1998 Ireland, Scotland and Wales were granted their own law-making institutions 1.3 North-South Divide • North-South divide in England refers to differences within the country, such as climate, landscape, mentality or wealth People in the North are generally poorer but quite often seen as more warm-hearted than southerners • Northerners are more often working-class people, whereas southerners tend to be middle-class, white-collar workers 3 von 18 Q2 Englisch 2. Colonization (British Empire) 2.1 Empire and Commonwealth British companies set up trading posts around the world to ensure the supply of much needed goods (tea, sugar, teak, rubber) • Often these posts came to hold political power over large areas of land and over time became colonies attracting settlers • British government controlled the colonies with the help of governors, administrators and armies, but they often clashed with local powers • One of these clashes lead to the loss of the North American colonies, which became the United States of America ● • 18th century Britain expanded its colonial power to the southern hemisphere • In the 19th century the United Kingdom became the most powerful nation on earth • British Empire ruled roughly one quarter of the world's population During the 20th century most former colonies gained independence, but the legacy of the British Empire is still alive today English has become the world language • The UK still has close ties with most of its former colonies through the Commonwealth, an association of 54 nations Pros Great Britain ● • Membership is voluntary Support for developing countries • Criteria's for membership (World peace, liberty, human rights, equality, free trade) Cons • Less cooperation with the rest of the world 4 von 18 Q2 Englisch 2.2 "Shooting an Elephant" Author: George Orwell Based on the author's personal experience Setting: Post-colonial times 1922-1927 (written 1936) Plot: • British officer in Burma • Officer called to kill elephant People spat on him, got disrespected Elephant kills a person • Officer doesn't want to kill the elephant Finally kills the animal because of the pressure and expectations • Has an inner conflict, if it was the right decision Summary "Shooting an Elephant" is a short story by George Orwell. It is about Orwell's time as a police officer in Burma in India. He reflects his experience and feelings of this time. George Orwell is not quite popular in Moulmein because of his white European looking. The Burmese people insult and laugh at Orwell by every possible opportunity. Though, Orwell understands them and is secretly on their side. One day, an elephant damages a bazar and the people ask Orwell for help. Everyone gives him different reports about where the elephant has last been seen. He starts thinking that the whole story was made up by the citizens. But certainly he hears a woman's scream and finds a dead man killed by the elephant. Orwell takes a gun and goes to the location where the elephant was last spotted. The citizens follow him to see how he shoots the elephant. But now the citizens expect him to shoot the animal. He feels the pressure on him. He does not want the people to think of him as a loser and does not want to be laughed at. He lays down on the road and starts to shoot the elephant. He shoots countless times and leaves the place because he cannot see it suffer any longer. Later he is told that it took the elephant half an hour to die and that the citizens peeled the meat off of the elephant's bones. ● Great Britain 5 von 18