Stammbaum der D-Ketosen (Family Tree of D-Ketoses)

The Stammbaum der D-Ketosen presents the structural relationships between various ketose sugars, ranging from the simplest three-carbon ketose to more complex six-carbon ketoses.

Definition: Ketosen are monosaccharides that contain a ketone group within their carbon chain, typically at the second carbon atom.

The family tree of D-Ketoses is organized similarly to the aldoses, but with ketone-containing sugars:

1. Three-carbon ketose (triose): Dihydroxyacetone
2. Four-carbon ketose (tetrose): D-Erythrulose
3. Five-carbon ketoses (pentoses): D-Ribulose and D-Xylulose
4. Six-carbon ketoses (hexoses): D-Psicose, D-Fructose, D-Sorbose, and D-Tagatose

Example: Fructose is an example of a ketohexose, as it has six carbon atoms and a ketone group at the second carbon.

The structural differences between these ketoses are based on the orientation of hydroxyl groups around the carbon atoms, similar to aldoses. This arrangement determines the specific properties and reactivity of each sugar.

Highlight: Understanding the aldosen ketosen unterschied (difference between aldoses and ketoses) is crucial for comprehending their chemical behavior and biological functions.

Vocabulary: Ketohexosen are six-carbon ketoses, which include important sugars like fructose.

Example: While glucose is an aldose, fructose is a ketose. This structural difference accounts for their distinct properties and metabolic pathways in biological systems.