Grammatik

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dad taught himself the guitar.” ■ relax, recover, feel, meet, argue, imagine nicht reflexierbar wenn sich die Handlung des Subjekts auf andere Personen bezieht (gegenseitig), dann wird ,,each other" oder ,,one another" eingesetzt. The gerund ■ Personal pronoun type 3: irreal-Vergangenheit O myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves Reflexive pronoun "If it had rained last night we would have shut all windows" kann als Subjekt oder Objekt in einem Satz stehen. erweiterbar, z. B. travelling to NYC verbs that only take gerund: like o enjoy O finish o imagine o practise O miss nach Präpositionen muss immer ein Gerundium stehen. "Ryan is scared of going in lifts." The definite article THE wird nur verwendet, wenn das entsprechende Substantiv näher definiert ist. "The traditions that we keep alive"; "__Traditions are important for us." To-Infinitive-constructions instead of relative clauses Bei der Verkürzung der Sätze durch to-infinitive-Konstruktionen kann Information verloren gehen: o konkrete Personen/Personalpronomen (wegen Verallgemeinerung) O Modalverben (should, could, must) Zeitebenen im Detail → Bei Übersetzung den Kontext anpassen "Tom is he only one who was late." → "Tom is the only one to be late" ■ ■ Verbs of perception ■ ■ ■ ■ O Participle constructions instead of adverbial clauses ■ usually occur as adverbial phrases of time, of reason and of manner ▪ "Having walked into the shop, I climb the ladder in the corner." Tätigkeiten der Sinnesorgane hear, smell, watch, observe, listen, feel, see After verbs of perception, very often, present participle is used. "You can hear people singing." I you he she it we you they Possessive forms ■ my your his her it our your their attributiv mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs nominal me you him her it us you them wegen Satzstellung SPO heißt es ,,That's me!" und nicht ,,That's I!" objektiv Emphasis ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Used to + Infinitive ■ put stress on certain words/syllables add words like: really, actually, ever, completely, in fact etc. use reflexive pronouns (myself, herself) change word order (Inversion) add do/does/did Compound nouns ■ ■ is used when remembering regular actions in the past. The construction remains unchanged, but only applies to the past. "Our fathers used to be good friends." noun + gerund gerund + noun ■ adjective+ noun noun + noun (climate change) (air conditioning) (developing country) (greenhouse)