A comprehensive guide to alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters in organic chemistry, focusing on their structures, properties, and reactions. The document covers fundamental concepts from functional groups to complex organic reactions, essential for understanding basic organic chemistry.
• Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols are explained with their structural differences and oxidation capabilities
• Alcoholic fermentation process is detailed, showing glucose conversion to ethanol
• Carboxylic acids and their properties are thoroughly discussed
• Ester formation and nomenclature are covered with practical examples