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their right to mistreat ordinary people - systems could possibly be hacked - security issue - if the plants used for vaccines were grown outside, everyone could get to them - those plants could be mistaken for regular plants and could be consumed genetic engineering Scientists have discovered that it is possible to change, or "engineer" genes in order to modify an organism's DNA. For example a gene that is resistant to weedkiller has been introduced to some soya beans pound, The farmer can now spray weedkiller on his soya bean crop and only the weeds on the field will die-the beans remain unaffected. This allows him to grow more beans on one field. Humans can also be treated with Gene therapy if they suffer from certain genetic disorders. The gene that does not work properly is replaced with one that does. pro - natural plant resistance - gene is been transferred into the plant to be protected - bigger yield - allows people to grow more crops on less land - even where it was usually too dry or salty pro - the yield of individual plants is greater - farming with certain gem crops is less damaging to the land - fewer need for pesticides or fertilizer - able to improve specific characteristics - food can be made healthier - can last longer contra manipulating natural produces - risks of scientists making a mistake - unpredictable outcomes gm food Genetically modified food was grown from genetically modified crops that were injected with different genes from separate organisms. - especially for supermarkets - characteristics of plants and animals are artificial - health and environmental risks - puts agricultural workers at high health risks only for financial reasons (pesticides) - exploitation Contra - genes could mutate in ways that are not predictable - not sure about the long-term effects of GM crops - farmers are dependent on large companies to get the seeds needed - cannot farm sustainable designer babies A baby whose genetically designed without a particular defect because embryos can be genetically modified to prevent the child from developing certain diseases. Parents can therefore "design" their own dream baby by having the option to choose the child's sex, hair, eye color and other physical features. Contra pro - reducing of genetic and inherited diseases - DNA can be altered parents should have the option and right to make sure that their child has the best possible life - better chance to succeed in life - increased life span pro - reduction of "human error" - with right programming Al is able to make best decision since it knows all possible information - safety concerns - able to overcome many limitations with Al, that would simply be to risky for us - available 24/7 - has yet not gained perfection - scientists can make mistakes ethical dilemma - perfect health does not equal a perfect life artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications on Al include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision, e.g Siri, Alexa or self-driving cars. Contra - many outside factors - serious discrimination against disabled people widening gap - social divide between designer and non-designer babies/ humans - reduced diversity - Al is making humans lazy - majority of work is automatic - high cost of creation - leads to unemployment - Al is replacing humans at work transgenic animals Animals whose genes were altered by modification of their genomes. The production of transgenic livestock has the opportunity to significantly improve human health, protect the environment and decrease livestock diseases. pro Contra - able to create new medical therapies (e.g. blastocyst complementation) - reduce the impact of an illness or disease - economic profit - cows can be engineered to produce more mild or pigs to put on more muscle mass - solve world hunger - ethical question - hundreds of are produced and killed for clinical trials to benefit humanity in some way - no thought given about a humane husbandry - safety concerns - not sure about the long term effects of vaccines or limbs produced by transgenic animals energy transitioning Energy transitions refer to the global energy sector's shift from fossil-based systems of energy production and consumption - including oil, atrial gas and coal - to renewable energy sources like wind and solar. - creation of new jobs - biofuels are not or only a little toxic a lot better for the environment - can replace large numbers of fossil fuels Pro Contra - biofuels can be produced and used by any - very expensive to make renewable energy country accessible for the masses - can strengthen rural economies - very dependent on weather (sufficient wind and sunlight needed to generate electricity) - not predictable - not possible to generate ensuing energy in some regions of the country to make it worth the investment Saviour Siblings Children who are artificially conceived to help their sick sibling with the genetic material needed. pro - the sick child can get the help it needs - can live a longer/ better life with the help of their sibling - perfect match instantly found Utopia and dystopia Characteristics of an Utopian society - independent thinking and freedom is promoted citizens are truly free to think independently harmonious democratic state Utopia A utopia is an ideal and perfect world in which are no problems like war, diseases, poverty, oppression, discrimination, inequality and so on. Therefore is an utopian world often also referred to as a paradise. - equality amongst everyone - peace and safety for everyone as big priorities nature is embraced and respected - individuality and innovation are welcome contra - sibling can feel used or forced to help their sick sibling Characteristics of a dystopian society - propaganda is used to control all citizens - restricted freedom, information and thinking - sibling is born for the "wrong reason" not because their parents wished for a child but to help their sibling - sibling acts as spare parts - no freedom of speech - citizens are afraid of the outside world and government - destroyed nature - absolute control of the government - dictatorship and inequality 90als - end all wars, conflicts, crises and terrorism dystopia A dystopia is the complete opposite to an utopia since nothing is perfect or how it seems. Dystopian world often give the impression of a perfect world but at a closer look the real intentions are easy to notice (for the readers) →e.g. the Circle. - high technological standards around the globe all basic needs covered for everyone - no world hunger - democratic world order - living in harmony with nature goals - world leaders who decide everything in their own total surveillance - knowing what everyone is thinking and doing at all time